XI Congreso Internacional de la Asociación de Estudios Canadienses ‘Identidades en Evolución. Migraciones y Dinámicas Culturales en el Siglo XXI Flores de la Sierra, Madrid, noviembre The rising of a new citizenship. Political action of Mexican Immigrants in Los Angeles Guillermo Ibarra Escobar (UAS)

“We must Americanize them (the newcomers to our shores) in every way, in speech, in political ideas and principles,... We welcome the German or the Irishman who becomes an American... We do not wish German-Americans and Irish- Americans who figure as such in our social and political life; we want only Americans, and, provided they are such, we do not care whether they are of native or of Irish or of German ancestry. We have no room in any healthy American community for a German-American vote or an Irish-American vote, and it is contemptible demagogy to put planks into any party platform with the purpose of catching such a vote. We have no room for any people who do not act and vote simply as Americans, and as nothing else...”. Theodore Roosevelt (1894). True Americanism

Are illegal immigrants antiamericans?  What does americanism mean in the globalizaded world of XXI century?  Citizenship and nation state.  Citizenship and the global city.

 A new era in modern American history, similar to the 1960s.  Making citizenship in urban life.  The professions and the new citizenship. Immigrantion debate, legislation, protesting, grassroots.

 Cartographical identities in the Global City.  Militant particularism in the Global City and the New Citizenship.  Citizens, “the good ones”.  The Others, the strangers.  Immigrants and citizenship.

Mexicans in US and Los Ángeles, 2005  Mexican population in US, 25 millions.  Mexican foreign born in US, 11 millions.  Mexican immigrants unauthorized in US, 6 millions.  Mexican foreign born in Greater Los Ángeles (LA, Riverside, San Bernardino, Orange), 3 millions.  Mexican inmigrants unauthorized in Greater L.A, 35%, 1.05 million.

The Sinaloans case  Sinaloa in 2005, 3.5% of the Mexican foreign born, 108,000.  Sinaloas immigrants unauthorized, 38%, 41,000.  Random survey 2004.

Greater Los Angeles

Mexicans foreign born by census track

Surveying in Sinaloans household, 2004

Year of arrival (%)

Pattern of arrival to US

Educational attainment

Civil status

Migratory status Percentage

Age of the (Sinaloans) US borned

Educational attainment of the (Sinaloans) US borned

Occupation

Labor Status

Weekly income in US dollars

Monthly Housing Rent

Weekly income by migration status

Bank of preference

Decision for migrating to United States

Will your economic future improve?

When do you think your economic situation will improve?

Difficulty for finding a job

Labor conditions in Los Angeles

Perception about the current personal income

Living conditions in Los Angeles

Have you suffer from discrimination?

Social life in Los Angeles

Regard of the US Laws

Are you affiliated to a political party?

Health services in the US compared to Mexico’s

Are you enjoying the American ways?

¿Would you like to return to Mexico for living?

Would you like to return to Mexico for working?

How well do you speak English?

Do you speaking English at home?

Usage of English at work