7.3 – Cell Structures & Organelles State Standard SB1a Explain the role of cell organelles for both prokaryotic & eukaryotic cells, including the cell membrane, in maintaining homeostasis & cell reproduction.

Plasma (Cell) Membrane 7.3 Structures and Organelles Plasma (Cell) Membrane Function: controls what comes into & what goes out of the cell Structure: Semi-permeable phospholipid bi-layer

Cytoplasm Substance between the plasma membrane & nucleus 7.3 Structures and Organelles Cytoplasm Substance between the plasma membrane & nucleus Includes cytosol (liquid), organelles, cytoskeleton, & various particles

Cytoskeleton Made of microtubules & microfilaments 7.3 Structures and Organelles Cytoskeleton Made of microtubules & microfilaments Structural support & transport mechanism

Nucleus Nickname: “The Control Center” Function: holds the DNA Parts: 7.3 Structures and Organelles Nucleus Nickname: “The Control Center” Function: holds the DNA Parts: Nucleolus: dark spot in the middle of the nucleus that helps make ribosomes Nuclear Envelope – covers the nucleus – has tiny pores

Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells 7.3 Structures and Organelles Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Animal Cell Go to Section:

Ribosomes Function: make proteins 7.3 Structures and Organelles Ribosomes Function: make proteins Found in all cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic

Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells 7.3 Structures and Organelles Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Animal Cell Go to Section:

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) 7.3 Structures and Organelles Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Nickname: “Roads” Function: The internal delivery system of the cell

Rough ER: Smooth ER: Endoplasmic Reticulum 2 Types: 7.3 Structures and Organelles Endoplasmic Reticulum 2 Types: Rough ER: Rough appearance because it has ribosomes Function: site of protein synthesis - that’s why it has ribosomes Smooth ER: NO ribosomes Function: makes lipids

Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells 7.3 Structures and Organelles Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Ribosomes Nucleolus Nucleus Cell Membrane Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Complex Animal Cell Go to Section:

Golgi Apparatus/Body/Complex 7.3 Structures and Organelles Golgi Apparatus/Body/Complex Nickname: The shippers Function: packages, modifies, and transports materials to different location inside/outside of the cell Appearance: stack of pancakes Hint: Golgi begins w/ G. G is for Gift. We wrap a gift in a package before we send it.

Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells 7.3 Structures and Organelles Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Bodies Animal Cell Go to Section:

Lysosomes: circular, but bigger than ribosomes 7.3 Structures and Organelles Lysosomes: circular, but bigger than ribosomes Nickname: “Clean-up Crew” Function: to break down food into particles the rest of the cell can use and to destroy old cells Hint: “Lyso-Lysol” – Lysol products are for cleaning ***only found in animal cells***

Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells 7.3 Structures and Organelles Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Mitochondria Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Bodies Animal Cell

Mitochondria Nickname: “The Powerhouse” Function: Energy formation 7.3 Structures and Organelles Mitochondria Nickname: “The Powerhouse” Function: Energy formation Breaks down food to make ATP ATP: is the major fuel for all cell activities that require energy

Animal Cell 7.3 Structures and Organelles Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Mitochondria Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Bodies Animal Cell

Centrioles Found in animal cells & most protist cells Occur in pairs 7.3 Structures and Organelles Centrioles Found in animal cells & most protist cells Occur in pairs Function: important for cell division

Short, numerous projections that look like hairs Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7.3 Structures and Organelles Cilia Short, numerous projections that look like hairs 400x Flagella Longer and less numerous than cilia Create movement with a whiplike motion 26,367x

Now let’s talk about structures only found in PLANT Cells!!

Plant Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells 7.3 Structures and Organelles Section 7-2 Vacuole Cell Membrane Plant Cell Go to Section:

7.3 Structures and Organelles Large Vacuole Function: stores water

Plant Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells 7.3 Structures and Organelles Section 7-2 Vacuole Chloroplasts Cell Membrane Plant Cell Go to Section:

7.3 Structures and Organelles Chloroplast Function: traps energy from the sun to produce food for the plant cell Green in color because of chlorophyll, which is a green pigment

Plant Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells 7.3 Structures and Organelles Section 7-2 Vacuole Chloroplasts Cell Membrane Cell Wall Plant Cell Go to Section:

7.3 Structures and Organelles Cell Wall Function: provides support and protection to the cell membrane Found outside the cell membrane in plant cells

Plant Cell 7.3 Structures and Organelles Cytoplasm Vacuole Smooth ER Ribosomes Chloroplasts Cell Membrane Cell Wall Nucleolus Golgi Bodies Nucleus Mitochondria Rough ER Plant Cell

Comparing Plant and Animal Cells

7.3 Structures and Organelles Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7.3 Structures and Organelles

7.3 Structures and Organelles Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7.3 Structures and Organelles

Which cell organelles are directly involved with Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function Chapter Diagnostic Questions Which cell organelles are directly involved with the production of proteins? ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus cell membrane, lysosome, Golgi apparatus nucleus, centriole, vacuole endoplasmic reticulum, cilia, mitochondrion

Which organelle is similar to the section of a Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7.3 Formative Questions Which organelle is similar to the section of a factory that organizes, boxes, and ships the final product? chloroplast endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus mitochondrion

In which structure is light energy captured and Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7.3 Formative Questions In which structure is light energy captured and converted to chemical energy? chloroplast lysosome nucleus vacuole

Compare and contrast plant and animal cells. Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function Chapter Assessment Questions Compare and contrast plant and animal cells. Answer: Plant cells have both cell walls and chloroplasts. Animal cells do not have these structures. Only animal cells contain lysosomes. Both plant and animal cells have plasma membranes, a nucleus, mitochondria, vacuoles, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, centrioles, a nucleolus, ribosomes, and a cytoskeleton.

Muscle cells require a great amount of energy. Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function Standardized Test Practice Muscle cells require a great amount of energy. Which would you expect to find in large numbers in muscle cells? centrioles endoplasmic reticulum mitochondria ribosomes

In what type of cell would you most likely Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function Standardized Test Practice In what type of cell would you most likely expect to find numerous lysosomes? a plant cell that stores food, enzymes, or other materials a plant cell that uses light energy for photosynthesis

In what type of cell would you most likely Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function Standardized Test Practice In what type of cell would you most likely expect to find numerous lysosomes? a single-celled organism that moves around its environment a white blood cell that digests bacteria and viruses