Reconstruction (II)

 End of Civil War  South was devastated  African Americans no longer slaves  How to put the pieces back together?

 Field Order 15 “forty acres and a mule”  1865-African Americans were hopeful  How would the new south look?

 Minimal Reconstruction Restore Union Andrew Johnson  Radical Reconstruction Restore Union Put “loyal” people in key positions Guarantee basic rights for blacks Congress

 Under Lincoln  Successful in LA and AR  Set up local government after 10% were “loyal”

 Southerner  U.S. Senator  V.P. under Lincoln  President Man positioned to guide U.S. back together

 Many states were limiting voting to include white only  Black codes were passed  Different laws

 Freedman’s bureau Had to be rewritten to pass  Civil Rights Bill Congress over rode the veto

“Citizenship for all persons born or naturalized in the United States”

 Contradicted Johnson’s wishes  Wanted to “re-shape” southern society  Supported military rule Militarized for a limited period  Eventually forced to compromise

 Radical Republican  Redistribute plantation land to slaves  Too radical for many

 Johnson refused to support Reconstruction Act  Congress voted to impeach Obstructing Congress  Johnson escaped Impeachment by one vote

 Cities destroyed  Economy changing  Confederate currency was useless

1865  40,000 former slaves granted 300,000 acres of land  When Johnson pardoned land owners Land was returned

 Contract Agreed upon price for one year  Share-cropping New kind of servitude

 Made unemployment a crime  Mob violence  Limited voting, property rights

 Republicans ruled  Protection of civil and voting rights  “Scalawags” White southern republican  “Carpetbaggers” Northerners who saw opportunity

 Schools  Expanded public services  African Americans could particpate

 Credit Mobilier Scandal Vice President implicated in this scheme  Whisky Ring Corruption at all levels of government

 Ratified in 1870  Upheld the right of all male citizens to vote  Allowed for local level qualifications

 Wanted to reclaim the south  Put Democrats in control  Go back to the pre-Civil war Social Order  Targeted African-American and white supporters

 Enforce the 15 th Amendment  Illegal to interfere with voting rights  U.S. troops could intervene  Thousands arrested

RUTHERFORD B. HAYESSAM J. TILDEN

 Tilden won the popular vote  Electoral votes disputed  Compromise gave Hayes the win Promised to withdraw from the South Southern Democrats agree to side with Hayes

 Southern white elite took control Wealthy planter class Business  “Reedemers” Combination of Old South elite and commercial/business interest groups

 Began informally  Become the law  Supreme Court upheld in Plessey vs. Ferguson