Democracy, Sectionalism, & Nationalism Unit 3: The New Republic and Antebellum Period ( )

1. Why did Andrew Jackson appeal to the American people? He appealed to ordinary Americans because he presented himself as a “down to earth” common man from the frontier.

2. How much did participation in American elections increase between 1800 and 1840? America experienced an increase in Democracy during this era as many states rewrote their constitutions to so any tax- paying, white male could vote. Participation grew from 30% to nearly 80% from 1800 – 1840.

3. What was the “corrupt bargain” that determined the outcome of the 1824 presidential election? Jackson won the popular vote, but their were 4 candidates running so no one won a majority. The election went to the H or R. Henry Clay, Speaker of the House, threw his support behind John Quincy Adams. Adams then appointed Clay as Secretary of State. Jackson said he was robbed of the presidency.

5. Why did Jackson benefit from the new, improved, expanded democracy? The Democratic Party became highly organized at the local, state, and national levels. Every member marched to the same drum. What does this mean? The spoils system was used to award political positions to the party’s most loyal supporters. 4. Jacksonian Democracy – Born in The common man is now at the center!

Jackson and Indian Policy Jackson, a General, defeated the Creeks in 1814 in GA and FL and took millions of acres. He also fought the Seminoles in 1818 and paved the way for the acquisition of Florida from Spain. 6. In 1832 the Marshall Court ruled that Georgia’s seizure of Indian lands was unconstitutional. Jackson boldly declared, “Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it.

#7 Congress passed the Indian Removal Act in Most Choctaws and Chickasaws and agreed to trade their lands in the South for Indian Territory in Oklahoma. The Seminoles were defeated in the 2 nd Seminole War ( ) #8- The Cherokee were forced to march 1000 miles along what came to be called the “Trail of Tears.” 4000/ 16,000 died of disease and exposure.

9. Over what issue did President Jackson and V.P. John C. Calhoun disagree? Answer: The Tariff of Abominations (1828) Southerners opposed it; Northerners were for it. Remember – Sectionalism! 10. Calhoun proposed “Nullification.” The concept that states could nullify or void any federal law they deemed unconstitutional. South Carolina said they would “secede,” Calhoun resigned, and Jackson said he would use force to prevent it.

11. Solution of Nullification the Crisis Congress, in 1833, reduced the tariff and the crisis passed, but the question of secession and nullification would arise again. 12.Jackson, like Jefferson before, opposed the second Bank of the U.S. (1816). Charter was set to expire in Congress wanted to re- charter it. Senators Clay and Daniel Webster were for it. 13.Clay and Webster formed the Whig Party to support the bank. Why all of this hatred of the bank?

14. How did Jackson’s harsh policy toward the bank impact the economy? Jackson withdrew support from the bank and put money in other banks. Private banks at the state level took advantage and began printing their own money and the economy was weakened. 15. Panic of 1837 – Jackson, before he left office, stopped allowing gov’t lands to be sold for paper money. Land values dropped, banks and businesses closed down, farmers lost land, and workers were laid off.