Warm-up  List 10 lab safety rules. Do you have the proper heading on your paper? REMEMBER: You will keep this paper ALL week. Put it somewhere you won’t lose it!

Process Skills

*Observation A fact learned directly from the senses.  Sight  Smell  Touch  Hearing  Taste

When observing, always:  Write the time and date of the observation  Record observations at the time they were made;  Make both quantitative and qualitative observations.

Quantitative and Qualitative observations.  Quantitative— observations involving measurements  Qualitative— observations of properties such as texture (comparing to known).

*Measuring  using metric units to describe objects or observations

*Inferring  Using past experience to make a reasonable guess to explain observed events

*Predicting—  Using prior knowledge to make a forecast about a future event.

*Classifying GGroup objects or events based on similarities or differences

*Defining Operationally  State information about an object or event based on experience with it. What it ISWhat it ISN’T observableDictionary definition synonym

*Communicating  Use words, pictures, and diagrams to share information

*Making Models  Construct real or mental representations to explain ideas, objects, or events

*Investigating  Performing a set of steps to answer a specific question or problem.

Scientific Process A series of steps that is used to find answers to questions about the world around us.

Problem  The problem must be written as one QUESTION  The problem must identify the variables.  The question must be testable and measurable.

Variables  Things that can be changed are called variables.  Every investigation should have 2 variables. Manipulated (Independent) variable – the thing the researcher is changing Responding (Dependent) variable – the thing the researcher is measuring.

Research  Gather more information You can look for prior research in the library You can ask people who know about the topic (teacher)  Use the information to form a hypothesis – you don’t always write down your research.

Hypothesis  Should be written as an if/then statement Example: If food coloring is added to the water, then the flowers petals will change colors.  This is a prediction of what will happen in an experiment and should be based on your research and observations

Experiment capitalize name brands only)  List materials needed in a column (no numbers, capitalize name brands only)  Develop a numbered procedure. Use complete sentences.

Experiment  Follow the steps in your procedure  Record data and observations using the Metric System

Analyze Data  Is the data reliable?  Does it support your hypothesis?  Record your data on graphs and charts.

Draw Conclusions  Claim  Evidence  Reasoning

Claim ~ A statement that answers the problem. Your hypothesis is a prediction of what the answer to the problem is. The claim is the answer to the problem.

Evidence ~ scientific data that supports the claim ~data can be numbers (quantitative data) or observations using the five senses (qualitative data)

Reasoning ~ the explanation that shows why the data counts as evidence to support the claim ~ the explanation often includes scientific principles or background knowledge of the topic

Practice On your paper, write a statement explaining whether or not any of the liquids are the same substance. DensityColorMassMelting Point Liquid g/mLno color38g-98°C Liquid g/mLno color38g26°C Liquid g/mLsilver21g-39°C Liquid g/mLno color38g-98°C

0 points1 point2 points Claim No claimClaim is incorrect States that liquid 1 & 4 are the same. Evidence No evidence Missing numbers or units for 1 or more substances Gives the density with units of all substances Reasoning No reasoning or repeats claim / evidence Incomplete – missing explanation of using properties for identification. Explains properties can be used to identify a substance and substances 1 & 4 have the same properties which means they are the same thing. How did you do?