Pulling It All Together Unit to present

Nationalism Since WWII and the formation of the United Nations, there has been interest in maintaining international security. Some of the organizations that are charged with this task are from the Cold War era: NATO, the United Nations, and the International Atomic Energy Agency.

ICC Others, such as the International Criminal Court in the Hague (formed in 2002) were formed to prosecute war crimes and crimes against humanity, no matter who committed them. Still others, including Amnesty international and NGOs. Such as Human Rights Watch and Doctors Without Borders, serve to publicize issues that threaten human health and safety and provide aid to those in need.

Alphabet Soup 1. European Union--trade benefits/economic and political union (Euro--currency) 2. United Nations--mission: prevent/solve conflicts 3. International Monetary Fund--gives loans to developing nations (roads, bridges, industry) 4. World Trade Organization--promotes free trade/trade agreements b/w countries

Alphabet Soup 5. North America Free Trade Agreement--free trade (no tariffs) b/w U.S., Mexico, Canada 6. North Atlantic Treaty Org.--military alliance- -Former Warsaw Pact countries join in 1990s. 7. Group of Six or G6- created in 1975 (US, GB, West Germany, Italy, Japan, and Poland and Canada in ‘77, Russia in ’97) They are now known as the G20. This group meets annually to discuss issues of mutual or global concern such as climate, terrorism, and trade.

Environment The first Earth Summit on global climate change was held in 1992in Rio de Janeiro and Kyoto Protocol in 1997 was an attempt to make a global agreement on ways to reduce environmental damages. But the industrialized nations must balance potential damage to economic growth with environmental concerns, and it is a business of production and consumption that continues to be most important to policymakers.

Technology Beginning in the 1970s and 1980s, new hardware and software developed by American companies, who with the use of a silicon chip, had reduced the size and had increased the power of the computer. By the late 1980s the earliest version of the World Wide Web and by the 1990s commercial browsers allowed personal use for , surfing the web….

Women The integration and global connectedness of the world made access to education and political freedoms far more widespread, especially among the middle and upper classes. Politically, women gained the right to vote in many parts of the world by the first quarter of the twentieth century. By 1930, the right had been gained by women in Latin America, India, China, and Japan and most of Europe.

Women After WWII, most of the newly independent African countries included women’s suffrage in their constitutions, and it is only in the most fundamentalist of the Middle Eastern countries that women still do not have the right to vote. In most Asian and African countries, female access to formal political power continues to be limited.

Women Under Communism everyone is equal, women played key roles in the Communist Revolutions in Russia, China, and Cuba, and educational opportunities were opened especially in the professions such as medicine. But almost all the key positions within the Communist parties were and are held by men. In China, the one child policy and mandatory sterilization disproportionately impact women and female children.

The Family Family structure changed dramatically oBirth rates dropped oBirth control was widely available oMarriage rates declined oDivorce and second marriages became more common

Nationalism Nationalism led to… oFascism in Nazi Germany oIndependent movements after WWII oIn both WWI and WWII the aggressors were highly nationalistic oThe Cold War b/c it pitted two opposing world views (identified w/ Soviets or US) oGandhi- wanting everyone to look at themselves as Indians, not as Hindus and Muslims

Nationalism In the twentieth century, globalization really got going Aided by transportation, communication, and imperialism As more countries start to look the same (independent, constitutional, democratic) their economies function in the same way (stock market, low barriers to trade, strong banking system) and their cultures look the same (educated people, Hollywood movies playing at the theaters, cell phones…) STRONG argument for convergence of cultures

Self-Determination Biggest movements in the twentieth century were rooted in self-determination and nationalism The whole point of self determination is for nations to chart their own course