Towards a user generated state? Citizen-government relations in the web 2.0 era Valerie Frissen

2 headlines e-society and e-government: the new digital divide? web 2.0: definition and trends disruptive impact: changing roles of users impact for government and the public sector: new roles of citizens: ‘ shaking up’ the public value chain examples discussion

3 the development of the e-society: growing e-readiness Europe: 7 out of top 10 are EU countries Scoring criteria Connectivity and technology infrastructure 20% Business environment 15% Social and cultural environment 15% Legal environment 10% Government policy and vision 15% Consumer and business adoption 25% rapid increase of e-readiness in emerging markets (SE Asia, Middle East, Africa) most striking development since 2007: explosive emergence and huge deployment of web 2.0 services but also: slow take-up of public e-services.. E-readiness rankings 2008: Maintaining momentum Economist Intelligence Unit

4 the new digital divide: government 1.0 vs. society 2.0? Source: IPTS based on Eurostat data similar pattern in the NL, in spite of high e- readiness (globally leading in connectivity) innovation in the public sector is slow and problematic (e.g.: implementation of health records) striking discrepancy compared to high deployment and innovative use of ICT in/by society

5 web 2.0 or ‘the social web’ an open web environment which activates users in social networks to produce value resulting in shifting user- producer relations

6 disruptive impact in the private sector shift in user roles: users moving up the value chain impact on user/producer relations: new players, exploiting dynamics of social networks and user contributed value new business models ‘long tail’ of niche markets ‘crowdsourcing’ strategies new revenue models open innovation strategies, e.g ‘perpetual beta’, co-creation  signs of ‘creative destruction’

7 new user roles: users moving up the value chain traditional user roles new user roles Source: Slot & Frissen (2007 )

8 impact on government and the public sector: citizens moving up the ‘public value chain’

9 example: law enforcement Citizen Inform Download Read Listen View Obtain Consult Educate Evaluate Simulate Plan Create Contribute Act Organise alertdude.com SMS crime alert Control service.gov.uk/ Security services Fraud and Con Game Prevention Crime maps e.g. Riot mobbing Share Publish Send coppersblog.blogspot.com/ second life security citizens take over enforcement role informing citizens consulting citizens cit/gov sharìng responsibilities Crime prevention podcasts streetchampions.org.uk crisissearch.com Twitter (Fires in Calif.)

10 examples

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12 mobilisation / exploiting the long tail

13 transparency of political representatives

14 transparancy of political representatives

15 direct influence on decision making through collaborative activism

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17 making public information accessible

18 making public information accessible

19 enhancing public information: rating services

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22 organising the ‘wisdom of the crowds’

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24 The

25 accesibility and accountability of public services

26 crowdsourcing: the citizen as detective

27 the new civil servant

28 new stakeholders

29 self-organisation of public services

30 citizen ‘inspectors’

31 citizens taking over law enforcement

32 conclusion growing impact of social web on government and public sector: however, awareness in public sector is extremely low opportunities and risks not recognised current eGov stuck in 1.0 paradigm: however, take-up is low, many failures, while projects are extremely expensive risk of a new digital divide, loss of trust in gov, marginalisation of key gov/democratic functions

33 thanks to: Noor Huijboom en Bas Kotterink the future is NOW!

34 research 1.‘Towards a user generated state?’ study commissioned by Dutch Ministry of Internal Affairs theoretical and empirical exploration of ‘government 2.0’ 4 in depth case studies of ‘disruptive impacts’ 2.‘The impact of social computing on public services’ (PS20) (TNO/DTI) study comissioned by the EC/IPTS extensive review of existing research literature, web sources etc database of +100 cases user survey, in depth case studies NB: ongoing research, only preliminary results