Results of 9/11 Department of Homeland Security USA PATRIOT Act Guantanamo Bay, Cuba (Gitmo) Prison Changes in Airport Security Invasion of Afghanistan Later, as an expansion of the war on terror, the Invasion of Iraq

Quick Facts Created on November 25, 2002 Created on November 25, 2002 “We’re fighting…to secure freedom in the homeland.” – President Bush, 2002 “We’re fighting…to secure freedom in the homeland.” – President Bush, 2002 Goal – consolidate existing executive agencies under one umbrella organization Goal – consolidate existing executive agencies under one umbrella organization

Agencies Strategic National Stockpile and the National Disaster Medical System Strategic National Stockpile and the National Disaster Medical System Nuclear Incident Response Team Nuclear Incident Response Team Domestic Emergency Support Teams Domestic Emergency Support Teams National Domestic Preparedness Office National Domestic Preparedness Office Countermeasures Programs Countermeasures Programs Environmental Measurements Laboratory Environmental Measurements Laboratory National Defense Analysis Center National Defense Analysis Center Plum Island Animal Disease Center Plum Island Animal Disease Center Federal Computer Incident Response Center Federal Computer Incident Response Center National Communications System National Communications System National Protection and Programs Directorate National Protection and Programs Directorate Energy Security and Assurance Program Energy Security and Assurance Program Customs Service Customs Service Coast Guard Coast Guard Secret Service Secret Service Citizenship and Immigration Services Citizenship and Immigration Services Border Patrol Border Patrol Immigration and Customs Enforcement Immigration and Customs Enforcement Federal Protective Service Federal Protective Service Transportation Security Administration Transportation Security Administration Federal Law Enforcement Training Center Federal Law Enforcement Training Center Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Office for Domestic Preparedness Office for Domestic Preparedness Federal Emergency Management Agency Federal Emergency Management Agency

Today Secretary Janet Napolitano Secretary Janet Napolitano $52 billion annual budget $52 billion annual budget 3 rd behind Departments of Defense and Veteran Affairs 3 rd behind Departments of Defense and Veteran Affairs Mixed analysis of effectiveness Mixed analysis of effectiveness

USA PATRIOT Act United and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act United and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act Congress signed into law 1 month after Sept 11 Congress signed into law 1 month after Sept 11 Senate passed the bill by a vote of 98-1 Senate passed the bill by a vote of 98-1 House vote: House vote:

What can law enforcement do? Bypass a judge/grand jury to get a subpoenas Bypass a judge/grand jury to get a subpoenas Denies bail to suspected terrorists Denies bail to suspected terrorists Open-up the federal death penalty for terrorist related crimes Open-up the federal death penalty for terrorist related crimes Tracks communication on the internet, installs computer and phone wiretaps, search warrents for s/phone messages, access to personal information (medical, financial, education) and library records w/out proof of a crime Tracks communication on the internet, installs computer and phone wiretaps, search warrents for s/phone messages, access to personal information (medical, financial, education) and library records w/out proof of a crime

Results? +310 criminal charges +310 criminal charges +179 convictions or guilty pleas +179 convictions or guilty pleas Helped get 6 guilty pleas from an al-Qaeda sleeper cell in Lackawanna, NY Helped get 6 guilty pleas from an al-Qaeda sleeper cell in Lackawanna, NY Innocent convictions? Innocent convictions?

Guantanamo Bay, Cuba (Gitmo) Geneva Convention  al-Quada’s not a member, so it doesn’t get protection Geneva Convention  al-Quada’s not a member, so it doesn’t get protection 2002 Bush Admin. Narrows definition of torture to now allow for previously illegal interrogation techniques (mental torture worse than physical) 2002 Bush Admin. Narrows definition of torture to now allow for previously illegal interrogation techniques (mental torture worse than physical) Left hrs. in +100 degree heat, chained in the fetal position Left hrs. in +100 degree heat, chained in the fetal position Use of dogs Use of dogs Left in urine Left in urine Sensory deprivation Sensory deprivation Removal of clothes Removal of clothes Water boarding Water boarding

Invasion of Afghanistan US issues demands to Taliban in Sept 2001 US issues demands to Taliban in Sept 2001 Oct 2001, with British support  bombing of Afghanistan (Operation Enduring Freedom) Oct 2001, with British support  bombing of Afghanistan (Operation Enduring Freedom) Battle of Tora Bora  200 al-Qaeda fighters dead Battle of Tora Bora  200 al-Qaeda fighters dead Where’s bin Laden???? Where’s bin Laden????

February 2003 Afghanistan remains the world's largest producer of opium poppy, according to the U.N. Afghanistan remains the world's largest producer of opium poppy, according to the U.N. An Australian soldier and a young girl in a poppy field in southern Afghanistan. The country accounts for over 90% of the world's illegal opium production. An Australian soldier and a young girl in a poppy field in southern Afghanistan. The country accounts for over 90% of the world's illegal opium production.

October 2004 Hamid Karzai becomes the first democratically-elected leader of Afghanistan. Hamid Karzai becomes the first democratically-elected leader of Afghanistan.

Today? The War in Afghanistan is America’s longest war The War in Afghanistan is America’s longest war Obama has begun to withdrawal US troops Obama has begun to withdrawal US troops

MARCH 19, 2003 President Bush launches invasion of Iraq President Bush launches invasion of Iraq

April 9, 2003 Saddam Hussein statue toppled Saddam Hussein statue toppled

May 1, 2003 Mission Accomplished Mission Accomplished “My fellow Americans: Major combat operations in Iraq have ended.” “My fellow Americans: Major combat operations in Iraq have ended.”

May 9, 2003 Deputy Secretary of Defense Paul Wolfowitz Deputy Secretary of Defense Paul Wolfowitz “The truth is that, for reasons that have a lot to do with the U.S. government bureaucracy, we settled on the one issue that everyone could agree on which was weapons of mass destruction as the core reason [to go to war].” “The truth is that, for reasons that have a lot to do with the U.S. government bureaucracy, we settled on the one issue that everyone could agree on which was weapons of mass destruction as the core reason [to go to war].”

November 28, 2003 President Bush visits Iraq President Bush visits Iraq

December 14, 2003 Saddam Hussein is captured Saddam Hussein is captured

April 28, 2004 Images of Abu Ghraib prison abuses released Images of Abu Ghraib prison abuses released

May 11, 2004 Video of American contractor’s beheading released Video of American contractor’s beheading released

June 28, 2004 Sovereignty returned to Iraq Sovereignty returned to Iraq

October 7, 2004 CIA concludes Iraq did not have WMDs CIA concludes Iraq did not have WMDs “Saddam Hussein did not possess stockpiles of illicit weapons at the time of the U.S. invasion in March 2003 and had not begun any program to produce them, a CIA report concludes.” “Saddam Hussein did not possess stockpiles of illicit weapons at the time of the U.S. invasion in March 2003 and had not begun any program to produce them, a CIA report concludes.”

December 15, 2005 Iraq holds free assembly elections Iraq holds free assembly elections

August 21, 2006 President Bush states that Iraq had nothing to do with 9/11 President Bush states that Iraq had nothing to do with 9/11

November 5, 2006 Saddam Hussein sentenced to death by hanging Saddam Hussein sentenced to death by hanging

December 30, 2006 Saddam Hussein executed Saddam Hussein executed

November 24, 2007 First large pull-out of troops begins First large pull-out of troops begins

March 10, 2008 Pentagon study finds no ties between Saddam Hussein and Al Qaeda Pentagon study finds no ties between Saddam Hussein and Al Qaeda

June 30, 2009 National Sovereignty Day celebrated in Iraq as US troops complete withdrawal from Iraqi cities after 6 years, 3 months of operations National Sovereignty Day celebrated in Iraq as US troops complete withdrawal from Iraqi cities after 6 years, 3 months of operations