Chapter 28

The Relative Pronoun Who, whom, whose, which and that - helps a simple sentence become complex. The poet tells a story about a girl. The girl has come to America on a visit. The poet tells a story about a girl who has come to America on a visit.

Make a complex sentence out of each. a.The girl is dancing with everybody. b.The girl likes you. a.I love the poet. b.The poet has come from Italy. a.A teacher will forget your past mistakes. b.A teacher wants you to do well.

A relative clause is that part of a sentence which is introduced by a relative pronoun and has its own subject and verb. The boys whom you see are football players. What is the relative clause? If the relative clause is removed, the main clause is left. What is the main clause? whom you see The boys are football players.

The noun or pronoun to which the relative pronoun refers is called the antecedent. The boys is the antecedent in the previous sentence. Antecedent - ante, before cedo, go

The town which they built... The students whose work we praise... The children to whom you give the money... The men who work in the town... The house that Jack built...

1.The soldiers whom the king commanded have laid down their arms. 2.He gave money which was not his to people whom he did not know. 3.The weapons that my father carries to war are too heavy for me. 4.The man who seeks truth will never find gold. Activity 1 - underline the relative clause and circle the antecedent

5.The girls whom you see are my daughters. 6.The boys to whom you gave the money have left town. 7.The woman with whom you were dancing is my wife. 8.The sword by which you cut the knot once belonged to Alexander the Great. 9.We who are your friends will never betray you.

Case, Number and Gender The relative pronoun: 1.who is always the _____________ and in the______________ case. 2.whom is __________the subject, it is used as some kind of _____________(direct object, indirect object, or object of the preposition) - ______________, _______________, or ______________ 3.whose indicates _______________and is always in _______________case. subject nominative never object dative accusative ablative possession genitive

I love the girl who is in the picture. I love the girl whom you see in the picture. What is the subject of the relative clause in the first sentence? who What is the subject of the relative clause in the second sentence? you

1.I know many (who or whom) ______ will not work. 2.They praised the man (who or whom) _______ we all admire. 3.We are working with men (who or whom) ______ do not know us. 4.You have met a woman (who or whom) _______ everyone admires. Activity 2: Decide whether who or whom is correct

5.We seek an honest man (who or whom) _____ wants to work. 6.I like someone (who or whom) ______ knows you. 7.I like someone (who or whom) ______ you know. 8.Those (who or whom) ______ live by the sword will die by the sword. 9.Those (who or whom) ______ you have chosen are all good men. 10.We give money to those (who or whom) ______ need it.

Case of the Relative Pronoun Determined by its use in its own clause I love a girl who does not love me. I love a girl whom you love too. Who in the first sentence would be in the _________________ case in Latin because it is the ___________________ of the relative clause. nominative subject

Whom in the second sentence would be in the ________________ in Latin because it is the ______________ _______________ of the relative clause. Activity 3 - match a. subject _____1. After dinner the men gave their wives presents. b. possessive, of_____2. The teacher gave their grades to the students. c. indirect object_____3. Some of the children are here. d. direct object_____4. He destroyed the evidence with fire. e. abl. obj. of prep._____5. There are sharks in the water. f. abl./means or instrum._____6. They want their pay. accusative directobject

Activity 4 - match a. subject_____ 1. The boy to whom you gave the book is gone. b. possessive, of _____2. The town in which I live is very small. c. indirect object _____ 3. The water with which you put out the fire has evaporated. d. direct object_____4. The children, some of whom are usually polite, left without... e. abl. obj. of prep._____5. The people whom you see are from France. f. abl./means or instr. _____6. He gave the flowers to a girl who lives on my block.

The gender and number of the relative pronoun is determined by its antecedent. I like the men whom I see in the picture. Whom is masculine and plural becasue of men.

masculinefemineneuter nom: gen: dat: acc: abl: quiquaequod cuiuscuiuscuius cuicuicui quemquamquod quoquaquo who, which, that whose, of whom to, for whom whom prep & whom which, that of which, that to, for which, that which, that prep & which

masculinefeminineneuter nom: gen: dat: acc: abl: quiquaequae quorumquarumquorum quibusquibusquibus quosquasquae quibusquibusquibus

Activity 5 - Underline the relative pronoun and draw an arrow to the antecedent. Then translate the sentence and give the gender, number and case for the pronoun. 1.Sextus est puer strenuus qui saepe in agris et in horto currit. gender: number: case: masculine because the antecedent puer is masculine singular because the antecedent puer is singular subject because it is being used as the subject in its clause

2.Davus omnes servos in aream quae est prope villam venīre iubet. gender: number: case:

3.Aurelia et Cornelia spectabant rusticos qui in agris laborabant. gender: number: case:

4.Marcus pede vexabat Corneliam quae dormīre volebat. gender: number: case:

5.“Lecticarii, quos vobis conduxi, vos domum ferent,” inquit Titus. gender: number: case:

6.“Hic est arcus,” inquit Titus, “quem --” gender: number: case:

7.Sextus iam cogitabat de omnibus rebus quas Titus heri narraverat. gender: number: case:

8.Boves lapides quadratos in plaustro trahebant ad novum aedificium quod Caesar conficit. gender: number: case:

9.Sunt multi homines scelesti qui bona civium arripiunt. gender: number: case: