Civil War Reconstruction Summer School Day 1. Civil War North vs South Union vs Confederacy.

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Presentation transcript:

Civil War Reconstruction Summer School Day 1

Civil War North vs South Union vs Confederacy

Causes of the Civil War 1. Economics Cotton Gin – Eli Whitney Made South one-crop economy. North industrial economy.

Causes of the Civil War 2. Cultural Differences South – Agricultural and rural North – Industrial and urban 3. States Rights vs Federal Rights Southern states - strong rights/powers for the state governments. Northern states – Strong Federal Rights

Causes of the Civil War 4. The Slavery Issue As the country expands, is slavery allowed to expand?

The Slavery Question Missouri Compromise Everything North of 36 o 30’ was closed to slavery Compromise of 1850 California added to Union as free state New Mexico and Utah decide for themselves

Compromise of 1850

Page 160

The Slavery Question Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854 Kansas could decide whether or not to allow slavery. (Repealed Missouri Compromise) Bleeding Kansas Pro-slavery Missouri citizens voted in Kansas. Violence erupted over the results

Kansas/Nebraska Act

Violence erupts in the Senate Sen. Charles Sumner, Mass. Delivers anti-slavery speech against Sen. Andrew Butler, SC Butler’s nephew, Sen. Preston Brooks, attacked Sumner.

The Slavery Issue 1850’s

Causes of the Civil War 5. Election of Lincoln South believed Lincoln was anti-slavery. South Carolina first to secede Then, MS, FL, AL, GA, LA, TX before inaugurated.

Geographic Divide

North vs South

The Civil War Confederate States of America (CSA) Organization of states who succeeded. Untrusting of strong central control

Political Cartoon

Ulysses S. Grant Robert E. Lee General of Union Army General of Confederate Army

Civil War Fort Sumter, 1861 – Charleston, SC Considered first battle of the Civil War Emancipation Proclamation, freed slaves in Confederate-controlled states.

Emancipation Proclamation

Surrender April 3, 1865 – Union Troops conquer Richmond, VA (Confederate Capital) April 9, 1865 – Lee surrenders to Grant in the Appomattox Court house

Reconstruction Day 1

13 th Amendment “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States.”

Reconstruction Rebuilding time after the Civil War Process of re-admitting Confederate states to the Union Lasted 1865 – 1877

Lincoln’s Plan Lenient Policy Pardon all confederates who swear allegiance to the Union 10% Plan When 10% of people did this, state could be represented in Congress AK, LA, TN, VA

Radical Republicans Senators who wanted to destroy power of the former slaveholders. Wanted African Americans to have full citizenship and right to vote.

Andrew Johnson’s Plan Similar to Lincoln’s Plan Excluded wealthy landowners Believed South should be controlled by white men. MS, AL, GA, TN, NC, SC, FL

Congressional Reconstruction 14 th Amendment Defined citizenship – “all persons born or naturalized in the United States” Prevented states from denying rights and privileges to any US citizen.

Congressional Reconstruction Reconstruction Act, 1867 Did not recognize the new state governments Divided states into 5 military districts Must let African-American men vote Must ratify the Fourteenth Amendment

Fifteenth Amendment “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude” Ratified in 1870

Postwar South Devastated economy Many farms were destroyed Devastated population Hundreds of thousands of men died in war

Southern Republicans Scalawags White Southerners who joined the Republican Party Small farmers Improve economic position Didn’t want wealthy planters to have power

Southern Republicans Carpetbaggers Northerners who moved South after war Pg 187

Southern Republicans African Americans 9 of 10 African American men voters were Republican Hiram Revels first AA senator.

Republican Three groups of republicans could not unify the Southern Republican Party.

Sharecropping Poor whites and former slaves Owner of land assigns families plot of land, seeds, and tools. Families keep part Owner gets part

Memories of Sharecropping

Opposition to Reconstruction Ku Klux Klan (KKK) 1. Destroy Republican Party 2. Remove Reconstruction Governments 3. Prevent African Americans from politics

Opposition to Reconstruction Nathan Bedford Forrest Confederate Officer First Grand Wizard of the KKK.

Reconstruction Fades Lack of Republican Unity Bank failures in 1873 Supreme Court overturned some changes

Reconstruction

Election of 1876 Samuel Tilden, Dem won popular vote, lacked electoral vote by 1 Rutherford B. Hayes, Rep given presidency Federal troops removed from the South.

Identify and Label States through 1877 Alabama Arkansas California Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina Tennessee Texas Vermont Virginia West Virginia Wisconsin Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri New Hampshire New Jersey New York North Carolina