The Human Genome and Gene Technologies

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The Human Genome and Gene Technologies Chapter 15. 1 and 15.2

The Human Genome I. The Human Genome Project- A scientific cooperative effort to sequence the entire human genome. a. Completed in the year 2003. b. Humans have about 25,000 genes. c. 99.9% of all DNA is identical in all humans.

The Human Genome II. Applications of the Human Genome Project a. Diagnosing and preventing diseases. b. Treating diseases (gene therapies). c. Identifying individuals- each person has an individual genetic code.

The Human Genome III. DNA Fingerprint- A pattern of DNA characteristics that is unique to an individual organism. a. Can be used to confirm relation between two people. b. Used to identify criminals. c. Used to identify victims/bodies in forensics.

15.2 Gene Technologies I. Manipulating genes-Gene Technologies are widely used to study organisms, alter organisms for human use, and improve human lives A. Genetic engineering_- deliberate alteration of the genetic material of an organism into a another i. DNA that has been recombined by genetic engineering is recombinant DNA, also referred to as GMOs (genetically modified organisms)

A common GMO-Soybeans! Tolerant to herbicides OR produce insecticides How is this helpful to farmers?? OR produce insecticides

Gene Technologies B. Everyday applications i. Food crops: many crops have insecticide genes added, or are engineered to be easier to grow or more nutritious

Gene Technologies Livestock: new breeds engineered to grow faster or have more or less fat; or to produce milk with specific proteins

Gene Technologies Medical Treatment: a normal gene for a protein can be inserted into a person with an abnormal gene (ex: diabetes and hemophilia)