Perspective, Proportion, Composition and some Drawing Techniques We discuss some basic ideas in (realistic) art and photography We discuss some basic ideas in (realistic) art and photography 1

2 Perspective Objects farther away are smaller Objects farther away are smaller Objects closer are larger Objects closer are larger

Proportion It is a relative concept It is a relative concept Example – one part of the body has a size in relation to another part Example – one part of the body has a size in relation to another part 3 TIP Draw a grid or Line – to help you Keep proportions

Human Body Proportion A human's reach (spread out arms) is equal to his/her height. A human's reach (spread out arms) is equal to his/her height. Height is approximately eight times the length of the head. Height is approximately eight times the length of the head. The width of the shoulders is approximately one fourth of height. The width of the shoulders is approximately one fourth of height. The distance from the ground to the top of the femur (hip) is approximately half of his /her height. The distance from the ground to the top of the femur (hip) is approximately half of his /her height. 4

Perfect Proportions ? Da Vinci’s based on the natural proportions of the human body. 5

Your own sense of Proportion Don’t forget you can use creativity Don’t forget you can use creativity Michelangelo's figure has longer than usual legs and stands 9 heads high. Michelangelo's figure has longer than usual legs and stands 9 heads high. 6

Your own sense of Proportion Alberto Giacometti 's figure stands 12 heads high. Alberto Giacometti 's figure stands 12 heads high. Not reality –but what do you feel? Not reality –but what do you feel? 7

Composition Principles of Composition Principles of Composition Break up the picture planeBreak up the picture plane Be aware of the figure's placement in relation to the center, margins and other elements in the pictureBe aware of the figure's placement in relation to the center, margins and other elements in the picture Overlapping forms = energy and movementOverlapping forms = energy and movement Segregated forms = drift, isolation, stasisSegregated forms = drift, isolation, stasis Negative / Empty Space = can be just as importantNegative / Empty Space = can be just as important 8 The whole arrangement of my picture is expressive. The place occupied by the figure or objects, the empty spaces around them, the proportions–everything plays a part." – Henri Matisse

9 Form - motion Stager objects around to draw the eye across – produces motion Stager objects around to draw the eye across – produces motion Do so and change size and can influence direction Do so and change size and can influence direction

10 Form - motion Did you follow the arrow with your eyes in the slide before? Did you follow the arrow with your eyes in the slide before?

Background Don’t forget to decide about your background Don’t forget to decide about your background It can run the gamut from simple to complex (becoming the subject) It can run the gamut from simple to complex (becoming the subject) 11

Shadows A way to add 3D to your art is not only through perspective but shading or shadows

Color and Temperatures / Feelings Warm colors are those that have Reds, Yellows and Oranges. Warm colors seem to advance (or come forward) in an artwork. Cool colors are those that have Blues, Greens and Violets. Cool colors seem to recede (or go back into) an artwork.

Texture Texture is the way the surface of an object actually feels or how it looks.

Tactile (or Real) Texture Tactile (or Real) Texture is the way the surface of an object actually feels. Examples would be sandpaper, cotton balls, tree bark, puppy fur, etc.

PROJECTS We are going to do some drawing with both oil pastels and water color pencils We are going to do some drawing with both oil pastels and water color pencils 16

PROJECT 1: Computer Line Drawings One project you will do is to produce a stylized drawing with lines on the computer One project you will do is to produce a stylized drawing with lines on the computer 17

Line A line is a path that a point takes through space. Lines can be thick, thin, dotted or solid. They can make straight movements, zig- zags, waves or curls. They may be horizontal verticaldiagonal

Horizontal Lines Can be restful, like the horizon, where the sky meets land

Vertical Lines Can seem to be reaching, so they may seem inspirational like tall majestic trees or church steeples

Diagonal Lines Motion, feeling –disturbing? They suggest decay or chaos like lightening or falling trees

Lines - curves can convey emotion. They may show excitement, anger, calmness, tension, happiness and many other feelings. Because of this, some are said to be expressive. can convey emotion. They may show excitement, anger, calmness, tension, happiness and many other feelings. Because of this, some are said to be expressive.

How do you feel? 23

PROJECT 2 & 3: Drawing in 2 mediums You will produce 2 other items – one a drawing with oil pastels and another with watercolor pencils. You will produce 2 other items – one a drawing with oil pastels and another with watercolor pencils. When drawing with pencils we talk about shading and texture When drawing with pencils we talk about shading and texture You will do a nature drawing for one You will do a nature drawing for one 24

Landscapes – how to think about them background  middle  foreground  Generally, the background area is considered to be the upper 1/3 of the picture plane. The middle ground area is considered to be the middle 1/3 of the picture plane. The foreground area is considered to be the lower 1/3 of the picture plane.

Shallow space is used when the artist has objects very close to the viewer.

Deep Space objects up close but objects are shown far awaytoo.

Drawing – Shading and Texture Cross hatching Cross hatching Here are some ways to do  Here are some ways to do  28