1 Applications of Polymer in WDM System 台灣大學電子所碩一 陳嘉怜

2 Outline Introduction Applications of Polymer in WDM Thermally Polymer Bragg grating OADM’s Polymeric AWG Router Variable-Attenuator Arrays using PNLC Summery Reference

3 Introduction Polymer Type: Acrylate, Halogenated Acrylate, Fluorinated Polyethers, PN-LC(Polymer-Network Liquid Crystal) and so on.. Advantages: Large dn/dT (refractive index variation with temperature) Low propagation loss Easy to fabrication and low cost Application Coupling, routing, filtering and switching functions.

4 Thermally Polymer Bragg grating OADM’s Polymer material: Highly-crosslinked acrylate monomers with specific linkages. Insertion loss for add/drop paths : <2dB Reasonable temp. range: 20 ℃ -80 ℃ Large dn/dT: as high as -3×10 -4 / ℃

5 Reflection(a) and Transmission(b) spectra

6 Tunable OADM Operation

7 Polymeric 16×16 AWG Router Polymer material: Fluorinated Polyethers. Channel Spacing : 0.8-nm( 100 GHz) Propagation loss: 0.4 dB/cm at 1.55-nm

8 AWG Router Connected with Channel Waveguide Schematic view of a portion where the rib waveguide and the channel waveguide are connected by the taped waveguide. Rib type in order to minimize the coupling loss and obtain single-mode condition

9 Transmission Spectrum (a) Transmission spectra overlay of the AWG router (b) Free spectrum range of AWG for light input port7 and output port nm~16×0.8nm

10 Transmission Characteristic The measured pass wavelengths of the 16×16 AWG router output channels. Slope Slope 0.795

11 Transmission Spectra for TE/TM Modes

12 Optical-Fiber Variable-Attenuator Arrays Using PN-LC

13 Mechanism of Optical Attenuation

14 Attenuation Properties of the PN-LC VOAs

15 Summery We show three applications of polymer in WDM system, included thermally tunable OADM, AWG routing, and tunable attenuation. The advantages of these polymers are e asy to fabrication, low cost, and low propagation loss.

16 References Louay Eldada, Senior Member, IEEE, and Lawrence W. Shacklette, “Advances In Polymer Integrated Optics”, IEEE J. of Selected Topics In Quantum Elecrion., vol. 6, no. 1,pp , Jan./Fbe Louay Eldada, Member, IEEE, Robert Blomquist, Mac Maxfield, Deepti Pant, George Boudoughian, Constantina Poga, and Robert A. Norwood, “Thermooptic Planar Polymer Bragg Grating OAGM’s with Broad Tuning Range”, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 11, no. 4, pp , April Yoo Hong Min, Myung-Hyun Lee, Jung Jin Ju, Seung Koo Park, and Jung Yun Do, “Polymeric 16 X 16 Arrayed-Waveguide Grating Router Using Fluorinated Polyethers Operating Around 1550nm”, IEEE J. of Selected Topics In Quantum Elecrion., vol. 7, no. 5,pp , Sept./Oct Katsuhiko Hirabayashi, Masato Wada, and Chikara Amano, “Oprical-Fiber Variable- Attenuator Arrays Using Polymer-Network Liquid Crysta”, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 13, no. 5, pp , May 2001.