Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

Kansas City Ozone Update Presented by Thomas Gross March 2008 Kansas Air Quality Seminar

Overview Ground Level Ozone KC Region Ozone History Current Status - Violation 8-hour Ozone Maintenance Plan Contingency Measures Future Activities Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

Ozone Primer Identical to upper atmosphere ozone Caused by reaction of volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) Highest when conditions are hot, sunny and calm VOCs and NOx emitted by cars, trucks, small businesses, utilities & large industry Can trigger breathing problems, especially in those with respiratory conditions Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

Causes of KC Ozone Natural background levels Transport Homegrown Other factors Clean Air Interstate rule Tier 2 Vehicle and fuels rule Heavy Duty Diesel rule Regional Haze rule Voluntary programs Flint Hills burning Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

2002 KC Area NOx Emissions Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

2002 KC Area VOC Emissions

8-Hour Ozone Standard EPA transitioned from 1-hour to 8-hour standard NAAQS 8-hour standard = 0.08 ppm (80 ppb)  Due to rounding EPA allows up to 84 ppb Design value  Worst monitor in planning area  Based on a rolling three-year average To meet standard, the design value must be lower than 85 ppb Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

KC Region Ozone History From mid-1970s through early 1990s, KC did not meet 1-hour ozone standard In 1992, area was redesignated attainment for 1-hour ozone standard Area violated 1 hour standard in mid-1990s Area has met the 1-hour standard in recent years Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

KC designated “unclassifiable” in June 2004  Result of Flint Hills burning KC designated “attainment” in June 2005  fluke of weather – record cool summer in & 2006 ozone seasons were high Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments. KC Region Ozone History

Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

Current 8-Hour Ozone Monitoring Data for Kansas City Site 4th High (ppm)Design Value Critical Value * JFK Heritage Park Leavenworth Liberty Rocky Creek Richards Gebauer-South Trimble Watkins Mill *4th high must be equal to or lower than this value for the three-year average (design value) <= ppm. Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

Effectiveness of Controls Estimated location of highest 8-hr ozone concentration Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

So what are we doing to fix the problem?

Clean Air Action Plan Coordinated by MARC Developed in 2004 Comprehensive voluntary plan for reducing emissions Targets both stationary and mobile sources Short, intermediate and long-term measures Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

Area Source Reduction Programs Solvent metal cleaning rule Technical Seminars  Lawn and Garden  Printing  Painting  Solvent metal cleaning Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

Mobile Source Reduction Programs Low RVP gasoline Gasoline tank truck vapor testing Ozone alerts Bus RideShare Gas cap testing programs Employee carpool incentive program AirQ workplace initiative Idle reduction seminars Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

EPA Regulatory Options Maintenance Plan SIP Call Nonattainment Designation Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.  Curtails economic development  Less flexibility in selecting control options  Transportation plan conformity with SIP  Potential sanctions for failure to meet standard  A AND a bunch of additional work for KDHE

What Happened? KDHE developed Maintenance Plan EPA approved the plan KC violated the 8-hour ozone standard on June 15, 2007 Triggered contingency measures in the plan EPA agreed to allow implementation of the plan Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

What now? Implementation of Maintenance Plan’s Phase I contingency Measures  Heavy duty diesel idle reduction rule  Large NOx source emission reductions Maintenance Plan includes additional measures if air quality does not improve  Phase II menu of options  Includes triggers for implementation Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

Phase I - Contingency Measures Kansas – Phase I  Idle Reduction Rule  NOx RACT rule for point sources > 1000 tons of actual emissions per year  Boilers  Furnaces Missouri – Phase I  Idle reduction rule  NOx RACT rule for point sources >1000 tons of actual emissions per year (CAIR) Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

Idle Reduction Rule In Kansas & Missouri Commercial, public and institutional heavy-duty diesel vehicles IIIIdle no more than 5 minutes in any 60 minute period EEEExceptions Load/Unload locations sssshall cause no vehicles covered by this regulation to idle for a period greater than 30 minutes in any 60 minute period Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

NOx Emission Limits Coal fired boilers  NOx emission rate of 0.23 lb/MMBtu Furnace – flat glass  NOx emission rate of 7.0 lb/ton glass produced Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

Time Frame for Phase 1 Controls Violation occurred during the 2007 ozone season EPA letter to states validating data on September 12, 2007 States begin regulation implementation  Idle rule and NOx rule under review EPA target for implementation of controls is 24 months after EPA letter Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

Phase II – Triggers Phase II contingency measures triggered if:  Three consecutive years exceeding 84 ppb  Single three-year design value of 89 ppb  Investigate any three-year design value over 84 ppb Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

Potential Phase II Control Measures NOx RACT rule for point sources >100 tons per year NOx RACT rule for large NOx sources (>1000 tons) in Miami and Linn Counties Open burning restrictions Lower threshold for VOC RACT rules to 75 tons per year VOC control for Architectural and Industrial Maintenance Coatings Diesel Engine Chip Re-flash regulation Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

Future Plans for KC Implement Phase I contingency measures in Johnson and Wyandotte Counties. Implement voluntary emission reduction programs Continue to evaluate Phase II controls  Effectiveness  Timely  Cost Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

QUESTIONS OR COMMENTS ? Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

Thomas Gross Bureau of Air and Radiation Kansas Department of Health & Environment Curtis State Office Building 1000 SW Jackson, Suite 310 Topeka, Kansas voice fax Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.