ACHIEVING SUSTAINABILITY Unit 3-2a Understanding Energy

Use this instead of kinetic & potential Identify the initial & final forms of energy Potential Motion Chemical Nuclear Gravitational Kinetic Motion Electrical Radiant Thermal Nuclear Radiant

Our Planet’s Energy Resources Energy – The ability to do work or cause a change Potential Energy – Stored Energy Ex: chemical, nuclear, mechanical Kinetic Energy – Energy in Motion Ex: radiant, thermal, mechanical Law of Conservation of Energy – Energy can be converted from one form to another but it cannot be created or destroyed! The sun converts energy… Nuclear to Thermal and Radiant!

Where Do We Get Most Of Our Energy? Fossil Fuels – The remains of ancient organisms; Ex: Petroleum (Oil), Coal, and Natural Gas Fossil fuels & nuclear power make up 94% of our energy needs and are considered Non-Renewable because they’re used quicker than they are replenished. Only 6% of our current energy resources are renewable.

Our Planet’s Petroleum Supply We use ~25 billion gallons of oil per year. We have ~900 billion gallons remaining on Earth. That means we have less than 40 years of petroleum remaining at our current consumption rate. Petroleum provides us with fuels; Ex: Gasoline, Diesel, Heating Oil And many other products; Ex: Plastic, Fertilizers, Fabrics and Construction Materials Can we imagine life without these things?

What Are Our Options? To save our oil supplies, we could… Use it wisely – Hybrid cars get much better gas mileage Reduce consumption – U.S. fuel taxes are very low Find alternative resources – Corn-based products are becoming more common Find more oil reserves – Scientists aren’t just looking in the Earth but they’re also searching for biological sources World Oil Reserves

Let’s Review… What have you learned in this unit? 1.Describe the difference between potential and kinetic energy. 2.Describe three different types of fossil fuels. 3.How much of our energy comes from renewable resources? 4.List three fuel & three non-fuel products made from petroleum. 5.How can we conserve our petroleum resources?

ACHIEVING SUSTAINABILITY Unit 3-2b Non-Renewable Energy

Why Do We Need So Much Fuel? There are five main uses for fuel Cooking Transportation Manufacturing Heating & Cooling Making Electricity Which fuels are for which purpose!!!!! Matching!!!

How Do We Make Electricity? Generator – Converts mechanical energy to electricity using magnets and an iron core All you need is something to turn the wheel… But it takes a lot of turning to power all of our favorite electrical devices! We need powerful fuels (typically coal) which create steam that turns the turbine and generator. Which pollution problems are caused by using coal?

Cleaner? But Deadly! Natural Gas – The fuel, mostly methane, used in homes for cooking and heating. It doesn’t pollute the air but it creates some carbon monoxide! Another fuel option is… Nuclear Fission – Power plants split uranium atoms to create energy for boiling water These are both dangerous due to toxic waste and transportation issues. Nuclear Fusion – Combines hydrogen atoms without any pollutants but we may never safely attain the power of the sun!

Your Carbon Footprint Carbon Footprint – Measures the total amount of carbon released through the impact of human activities. How much carbon is released so one person can buy a CD? Imagine all the energy needed to… Record the CD Create the CD Deliver the CD Run the store that sells the CD Get you to the store to buy the CD And then the energy to play the CD on your music device. Imagine the energy needed for everything you purchase!

Let’s Review… What have you learned in this unit? 1.List four reasons that we use fossil fuel energy. 2.How does a generator work? 3.Why do we are fossil fuels so commonly used for energy? 4.List three disadvantages to using fossil fuels. 5.Compare and contrast nuclear fission and nuclear fusion.

REDUCING OUR FOOTPRINT Unit 3-2c Renewable Energy

Power from Life On Earth Photosynthesis stores the sun’s energy in the form of… Biomass Fuel – Renewable organic energy sources Wood & Dung – Commonly used in developing countries Methane – When it’s created by microorganisms Ethanol – Typically blended with fossil fuels to increase efficiency & reduce pollution These fuels create pollution & reduce current resources!

Power from Outer Space What is the source of all energy on Earth? The Sun! How can we use the sun’s energy? Passive & Active Solar Heating – Uses heat from the sun to heat homes and water tanks Photovoltaics – Cells that change solar energy into electricity Did you know the sun heats our atmosphere helping us create… Wind Power – Wind turbines are the world’s fastest growing energy source Where is the best place to build a wind farm in NJ?

Power from the Earth There is a tremendous amount of energy all around us. Just look at the power of Mother Nature! Hydropower – Includes Hydroelectric Dams Tidal & Wave Power There is also energy found deep within the Earth. Geothermal Power – Heat from the Earth’s core can boil water How much pollution is created from these sources?

Why Not Now? These renewable sources of energy are all viable but… There are three major issues with renewable energy These energy sources are not found across the globe The energy produced is minimal compared to the amount that is needed Fossil fuels are still very profitable However, as the environment deteriorates, our dependence on foreign energy grows, and new technologies continue to improve, these sources will become more common.

Let’s Review… What have you learned in this unit? 1.Describe three types of renewable energy from the sun. 2.Which three types of renewable energy don’t create pollution? 3. Which three types of renewable energy create air pollution? 4.Why isn’t hydropower or geo- thermal power used more in NJ? 5.Why aren’t more solar powered cars being used in the US?