Christian attitudes towards material possessions. 1.Background: Hellenistic philosophers on property. 2.NT material. 3.Clement of Alexandria. El Greco, Christ Driving the Traders from the Temple

Greco-Roman Background Pythagoreans & Plato: common property. Aristotle: defense of private property. Roman law. Ownership is defined as right to use, enjoy and abuse. NB: Loans. Max rate of interest was 1 percent simple interest per month.

Cicero on private property “The chief purpose in the establishment of the constitutional state was that individual property rights might be secured.” –De officiis II.21

Ideal use of possessions? 42 They devoted themselves to the apostles’ teaching and fellowship, to the breaking of bread and the prayers… 44 All who believed were together and had all things in common ; 45 they would sell their possessions and goods and distribute the proceeds to all, as any had need. 46 Day by day, as they spent much time together in the temple, they broke bread at home and ate their food with glad and generous hearts, 47 praising God and having the goodwill of all the people. (Luke’s description of the Church after Pentecost in Acts 2: 42-47).

Some conclusions Acts 2 most likely describes an idea community, rather than a historical reality Reflects Luke’s special concern for materially poor (cf. Beatitudes) Motivations: expected the arrival of the kingdom of God, hence renounced private property Fact: primitive ‘communism’ did not endure for too long. Second-century church shows no reticence against private property Renunciation of wealth endured in various forms of ascetism, including monasticism

Jesus and rich young man 16 Then someone came to him and said, ‘ Teacher, what good deed must I do to have eternal life? ’ 17 And he said to him, ‘ Why do you ask me about what is good? There is only one who is good. If you wish to enter into life, keep the commandments. ’ 18 He said to him, ‘ Which ones? ’ And Jesus said, ‘ You shall not murder; You shall not commit adultery; You shall not steal; You shall not bear false witness; 19 Honor your father and mother; also, You shall love your neighbor as yourself. ’ 20 The young man said to him, ‘ I have kept all these; what do I still lack? ’ b 21 Jesus said to him, ‘ If you wish to be perfect, go, sell your possessions, and give the money to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven; then come, follow me. ’ c 22 When the young man heard this word, he went away grieving, for he had many possessions. (Matthew 19: 16-22). b c

Cramming a camel through a needle’s eye 23 Then Jesus said to his disciples, ‘ Truly I tell you, it will be hard for a rich person to enter the kingdom of heaven. 24 Again I tell you, it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for someone who is rich to enter the kingdom of God. ’ 25 When the disciples heard this, they were greatly astounded and said, ‘ Then who can be saved? ’ 26 But Jesus looked at them and said, ‘ For mortals it is impossible, but for God all things are possible. ’ (Matthew 19:23- 26).