Digestion

Salivary gland Oesophagus Stomach Pancreas Small Large Intestine Which 2 of your labels are glands? Stomach Pancreas Small Intestine Large Intestine Rectum

Part of digestive system Role Oesophagus Stomach Small Intestine Large Intestine Rectum Salivary glands Pancreas Carries food from the mouth to the stomach. Thick muscular wall. Adapted for transport rather than digestion or absorption. A muscular sac with an inner layer which produces enzymes. It stores and digests food, especially proteins. Glands in the wall produce mucus which prevents the stomach being digested by its own enzymes.

Part of digestive system Role Oesophagus Carries food from the mouth to the stomach. Thick muscular wall. Adapted for transport rather than digestion or absorption. Stomach A muscular sac with an inner layer which produces enzymes. It stores and digests food, especially proteins. Glands in the wall produce mucus which prevents the stomach being digested by its own enzymes. Small Intestine Large Intestine Rectum Salivary glands Pancreas A long muscular tube. Enzymes produced in the walls and in glands digest food further. Inner walls folded into villi and these into microvilli , which increases the surface area so products can be absorbed into bloodstream. This absorbs water, most of which comes from secretions of the many digestive glands. The food here becomes drier and thicker forming faeces

Part of digestive system Role Oesophagus Carries food from the mouth to the stomach. Thick muscular wall. Adapted for transport rather than digestion or absorption. Stomach A muscular sac with an inner layer which produces enzymes. It stores and digests food, especially proteins. Glands in the wall produce mucus which prevents the stomach being digested by its own enzymes. Small Intestine A long muscular tube. Enzymes produced in the walls and in glands digest food further. Inner walls folded into villi and these into microvilli , which increases the surface area so products can be absorbed into bloodstream. Large Intestine This absorbs water, most of which comes from secretions of the many digestive glands. The food here becomes drier and thicker forming f Rectum Salivary glands Pancreas The final section of the intestines. Faeces are stored here before periodically being removed via the anus in a process called egestion. Situated near the mouth, these pass secretions via ducts into the mouth. These secretions contain the enzyme amylase which digests starch into glucose. A large gland situated below the stomach. This produces pancreatic juice, a secretion containing proteases to digest proteins, lipases to digest lipids and amylase to digest starch.

Ingestion Taking in food Definitions

Digestion The process by which large molecules are hydrolysed by enzymes into small molecules which can be absorbed and assimilated.

Absorption Mostly occurs in the small intestine, this is taking soluble molecules into the blood for transport around the body.

Assimilation Incorporating absorbed molecules into body tissues. They are often built up again into large molecules.

Egestion The passage of undigested substances out of the body

Answers to Questions from booklet What is physical breakdown and where does it occur? What is the role of chemical digestion? What molecules are responsible for chemical digestion? Using teeth and muscles to break large pieces of food into smaller pieces, giving it a larger surface area for chemical digestion. – Occurs in mouth and stomach particularly. To break down large insoluble molecules into smaller soluble ones Enzymes

What is hydrolysis? Name the type of enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of each of the below and state the end product of hydrolysis of each: Carbohydrates? Proteins? Lipids? Splitting large molecules into smaller ones by adding water across chemical bonds Carbohydrase enzymes monosaccharides Protease enzymes Amino acids Lipase enzymes Fatty acids and glycerol