How Living Things Are Alike 1.1

Learning Targets  I can explain what a cell is and describe some basic functions of cells  I can identify chemicals that are important for life and explain how living things use these chemicals  I can list and describe the basic life activities

Cells  Basic unit of life (alive)  Can carry out many functions or jobs  Unicellular or multicellular  Can be different shapes and sizes  There are about 200 different types of cells in the human body!

Microscopes  Needed to see cells  Magnifies the object you are looking at  Electron microscope uses beams of tiny particles rather than light

Organelles  Tiny structures inside of cells  Seen only under a microscope  Perform special functions in the cell

Tissues  Groups of cells that are similar and act together to do a certain job  For example: Muscle cells join together to make muscle tissues  Muscle tissues work together to make the body move

Organs  Different kinds of tissues join together to form an organ  Main working parts of plants and animals  Organs carry out specific jobs

Vocabulary  Cell  Tissue  Organ  Organelle  Section Review Questions  Pg. 18 #1-5

Chemicals Important for Life 1.2

Did you Know?  Humans can survive up to several weeks without food. However, they can survive only a few days without water.

Importance of Water  What is the chemical formula? __________  Life cannot exist without water  Water has the ability to dissolve other chemicals  When water mixes with other chemicals (dissolve) it becomes a solution

Other Important Chemicals  Carbohydrates  Fats  Proteins  Nutrients

Carbohydrates  Sugars and starches  Many fruits and vegetables contain sugar  Starches can be found in foods like bread, cereal, pasta, rice and potatoes  Provide energy for plants and animals

Energy  Energy is needed to carry on life activities  Energy comes from fuel  Carbohydrates are fuel  When carbohydrates are broken down in the animal or plant, energy is released

Fats  Can also be thought of as fuel  Fats store large amounts of energy that are released when they are broken down  Fats contain the most energy  Found in foods like beef, butter, cheese, and peanut butter

Proteins  Like carbohydrates and fats, proteins provide energy for living things  They help repair damaged cells and build new ones  Proteins also help control body activities such as heart rate and breaking food down

Nutrients  Your body also needs minerals and vitamins  The body needs these in small amounts only  The body needs a balance of nutrients, carbohydrates, fats and proteins

Vocabulary  Solution  Section Review Questions  Pg. 22 #1-5

Basic Life Activities 1.3

7 Basic Life Activities  Getting Food  Using Food and Removing Wastes  Movement  Sensing and Responding  Growth  Development  Reproduction

Getting Food  Animals get food by eating plants or other animals  Plants make their own food  Plants also use the energy from sunlight to make carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water

Using Food and Removing Wastes  Digestion is a life activity that breaks down food into chemicals that cells can use  Respiration is when cells release the energy that is stored in the chemicals. Oxygen is used to release the stored energy (cells use the energy to do work)  Excretion is the process that removes wastes

Movement  There is constant movement in living things  The insides of plants and animals are always changing  Liquids are flowing, food is being digested, and materials are moving in and out of cells (solutions)  All plants and animals move

Sensing and Responding  Tissues and organs can sense signals from their surroundings (light, sound, touch, and chemicals)  Plants and animals then respond based on the signals they receive  Examples: Moths flying around a light, fish swimming to the top for food, a dog responding to its owners voice, flowers open to the sun’s light

Growth  Growth is part of being alive  All living things experience growth  Many species go through patterns of growth that are similar to each other

Development  Development means changing over time  Tadpoles hatch from eggs and develop in stages into frogs.  Tadpoles are born with tails and no legs  Tadpoles have no mouth at birth  As they develop, a mouth and legs form and the tail is absorbed into the body

Reproduction  Living things produce offspring through reproduction  Some living things can reproduce by themselves (unicellular)  Bacteria reproduce by dividing into two  Other living things need two parents to reproduce (multicellular)  All offspring will resemble their parent(s)

Vocabulary  Digestion  Excretion  Respiration  Section Review Questions  Pg. 25 #1-5

Chapter Review  Pgs  Vocabulary Review #1-15  Concept Review #1-4  Critical Thinking