Training of Trainers Integrated Water Resources Management Enabling Environment and Institutions

2 IWRM Principles: Rio/Dublin The “ecological principle” Finite and vulnerable resource…. Holistic approach…. Human and natural systems..

3 IWRM Principles The “institutional” principle Management at the lowest appropriate level… Participation by all… Vulnerable sections and women..

4 IWRM Principles The “socio-economic” principle Social and economic aspects of water services…. Needs of all users in a sustainable manner…

5 Implications Mechanisms and processes of “coordination” within water and with management of “related resources” Welfare of all Concern for equity Attention to demand management, environmental needs, and sustainability critical

6 Enabling Environment: Analytical Framework CONSTITUTIONAL FUNCTION ORGANIZATIONAL FUNCTION OPERATIONAL FUNCTION Establishing laws and policies River basin management Water services, uses and users

7 Enabling Environment Politics Policies Law Information and Participation

8 Politics Competing claims for water Competing interests over water management Need for negotiations and optimal outcomes

9 Politics Who wants reform? Champions ? Who are the winners and losers? How can interests be negotiated ?

10 Policies Links with overall social and economic development Framework for managing water resources –Resource management –Service provision

11 Policy links with social and economic development Population growth and location Urbanization and industrialization Income growth Environmental degradation Fiscal constraints Institutional constraints

12 Competition for water

13 Policies: framework for management Resource management Service Provision Quantity & quality Location & need Demand & supply Levels of management, institnl effectiveness Institnl sustainability & participation by users, private sector Financing needs & sustainability Environmental needs & sustainability

14 Policies Time Cost Participation Comprehensiveness Flexibility Ownership Implementability

15 LAWS Formalizes policy intent Basis for enforcement Fit for purpose

16 Laws Existing laws ? –Cooperatives New laws ? –Legislation Transition ? –Decree –Govt order Purpose ? Time ? Trial ? Enforceability ?

17 INFORMATION AND PARTICIPATION Data for modeling, water planning and management Data for awareness, simulation, and participation

18 Participation -- what it does Broadens awareness – “more shoulders” Windows of communication– new ideas and feedback “We don’t know it all..”

19 Information and Participation Intensity Instruments Incentives

20 Gender Participation Impacts on women Evaluation and feedback by women

21 Information and Participation Time Cost Trade-offs Ownership ? New ideas ? Implementability ?

22 INSTITUTIONS Rules Organizational Arrangements

23 Rules Public sector Private sector Water users Communities NGOs Environ groups Basin entities Water rights Water planning and allocation Water management Regulation Financing M&E Information and communication Capacity building

24 Structure Usually defined for public sector.. But not for all levels: transnational/national river basin; Nation/State/local.. Complexity increases with levels…but IWRM applies..

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26 Institutions Inter-agency mechanisms cumbersome and high transaction costs Govt – civil society mechanisms boundary problems

27 Process Engagement among stakeholders Consultations and negotiations Review and evaluation

28 Financing Arrangements Funds flow shapes organizational arrangements (autonomous orgns vs govt depts) Financing capital costs Financing O&M

29 IWRM: Caution Two extremes : –Paralysis from analysis –Fragmented action Combine analysis and action