OPTIMA OPTIMA Optimisation for Sustainable Water Resources Management Turkish Stakeholder Meeting April 2006 IZMIR

OPTIMA 2 As stated in D02 of OPTIMA on Socio-Economic Framework Analysis; “in line with one of the key tasks taken up in the EC Water Framework Directive, the OPTIMA dissemination strategy is centered on actively involving interested parties such as relevant government departments, local communities, water utilities, industry and commerce, agriculture, consumers and environmental groups throughout the project lifecycle”. Concepts and Aims

OPTIMA 3 Based on this strategy; a 2-day stakeholder workshop was organized by SUMER between April 19-20, 2006 in Izmir, to set the basis for the optimization procedure of OPTIMA to be applied for the Gediz case study. Invitations were extended to a total of 106 persons, representing local, regional and national governmental/private institutions and NGOs. Of the total invited, 45 stakeholders contributed to the meeting.

OPTIMA 4 The distribution of participants with respect to the sectors and institutions SECTORGOVERNMENTALMUNICIP.NGOsIAs*UNIVER.** INDUSTR Y FUNCTION Planning / Monitoring / Management Research / Monitori ng Monitoring Planning / Monitoring Domestic water users Irrigation Water Users Research Industrial water users GROUP 1DSI (2 Persons) THAEM (1) IZMIR MoE Prov. Dir. (1) IZSU-Izmir Mun.(1) GEDIZ IA (1) Min. of Agr. (1) MoE- Aegean Forestry (1) GROUP 2DSI (2) MoE- Aegean Forestry (1) IZMIR MoE Prov. Dir. (1) GEDIZ IA (1) DEU (1) Aegean Region Cham. of Ind. (1) GROUP 3DSI (1) THAEM (1) MANISA MoE Prov. Dir. (1) IZSU-Izmir Mun (1) IZMIR Bird Paradise Ass. (1) EGE UN (Agr. Fac.) (1) Min. of Agr. (1) UCPINAR Mun. (1) GROUP 4DSI (1) MoE- Aegean Forestry (1) MANISA MoE Prov. Dir. (1) IZSU-Izmir Mun (1)GEMA (1) SALİHLİ Left Bank (1) EGE UN. (Agr.Fac.) (1) EIE (1) GROUP 5DSI (1) THAEM (1) MANISA MoE Prov. Dir. (1) IZSU-Izmir Mun (1) Aegean Forestry Foundation (1) SALİHLİ Left Bank (1) EİE (1) DMİ (State Meteo Org)(1)

OPTIMA 5 The distribution of participants with respect to the sectors and institutions SECTORGOVERNMENTALMUNICIP.NGOIAsUNI.sIND. FUNCTIONPlan., Mon., Man. Res., Mon. Plan., Mon., Man. Irrig. Wat. Users Res.Industrial water users GROUP 1 GROUP 2 GROUP 3 GROUP 4 GROUP 5

OPTIMA 6 The workshop has fulfilled the requirement of a participatory approach, which is viewed in D02 of OPTIMA “as a means to develop the tools needed for an optimum management of water resources in direct, active consultation with the stakeholders, leading to the creation of a favorable ‘atmosphere’ that is aimed at gaining the understanding and acceptance of the eventual OPTIMA findings by all stakeholders” Concepts and Aims

OPTIMA 7 The basic objective of the workshop also follows from D02 such that “the active involvement of the stakeholders is … considered as a means to assist … in the identification of any “conflicting” demands on water resources, which can then be further assessed in the context of possible ‘development scenarios’ … to demonstrate through the use of appropriate modeling tools how such conflicts could be reconciled in the context of a sustainable approach to water resources management” Concepts and Aims

OPTIMA 8 Background Materials  The online “Water Issues Questionnaire” and the associated “Glossary” (derived from D01.1 on Requirements and Constraints Report prepared by FEEM);  D02 on Socio-Economic Framework Analysis prepared by IRMCO;  The online “CORRIDOIO ZERO Methodology for SH Active Involvement Within Decisional Process for water management Optimization” and the SH Workshop Guidelines prepared by Corridoio Zero;  The online questionnaires “CONSTRAINTS” and “INSTRUMENTS” prepared by ESS.

OPTIMA 9 Using the above inputs and guidelines, the program for a two day workshop was worked out in a way to best derive stakeholder ideas and preferences, which could also reflect those of various sectors (i.e., planners, decision makers, water users, researchers, and NGOs). The organization of the workshop activities was also intended to facilitate scenario development for the optimum management of the Gediz Basin. Background Materials

OPTIMA 10 Workshop Program

OPTIMA 11 Questionaire I The online “Water Issues Questionnaire” and the associated “Glossary”, has been used as “Questionaire I” regarding all issues ; - Physical Conditions, - Water Management, - Water Demand, - Water Supply

OPTIMA 12 Questionaire I Although this questionnaire was already run within the first year of the project, the results were not considered very reliable since the stakeholders selected then were requested to fill in the forms via or fax. Accordingly, this questionnaire was repeated at the workshop to update Turkey’s issues questionnaire database. At this first step of the workshop, each stakeholder was requested to fill in the forms individually.

OPTIMA 13 Questionaire II This questionnaire was filled out by 5 different groups of stakeholders to determine priorities and trends with regard to water issues. Through this questionnaire, it was intended to identify the key issues in the Gediz Basin, that should be addressed in scenario development.

OPTIMA 14 This questionnaire specifies the contraints on the optimization procedure, having the objectives and scenarios defined in Questionnaire II. Questionaire III GLOBAL CONSTRAINTS CONCEPTVALUE Overall Supply / Demand ratio> Reliability of supply (average over all nodes/days)> % Cost / Benefit ratio> Total benefits> M€ Investment costs< M€ Total cost including penalties< M€ Unallocated water (daily average flow)< m 3 /s Overall water content change/decrease< Mm 3 Relative content change/decrease< % Days with flooding<

OPTIMA 15 SECTORAL CONSTRAINTS AGRICULTURE Overall Supply / Demand ratio> Reliability of supply (daily average over all nodes)> % Cost / Benefit ratio> HEAVY INDUSTRY Overall Supply / Demand ratio> Reliability of supply (daily average over all nodes)> % Cost / Benefit ratio> LIGHT INDUSTRY Overall Supply / Demand ratio> Reliability of supply (daily average over all nodes)> % Cost / Benefit ratio> COMMERCE Overall Supply / Demand ratio> Reliability of supply (daily average over all nodes)> % Cost / Benefit ratio> Questionaire III

OPTIMA 16 SERVICES Overall Supply / Demand ratio> Reliability of supply (daily average over all nodes)> % Cost / Benefit ratio> HOUSEHOLDS Overall Supply / Demand ratio> Reliability of supply (daily average over all nodes)> % Cost / Benefit ratio> TOURISM Overall Supply / Demand ratio> Reliability of supply (daily average over all nodes)> % Cost / Benefit ratio> SECTORAL CONSTRAINTS Questionaire III

OPTIMA 17 Questionaire III LOCAL (NODE specific) CONSTRAINTS NODECONCEPTFROMTOVALUE

OPTIMA 18 Questionaire IV This questionnaire specifies the instruments to be used for each scenario within the optimization procedure, having the objectives and scenarios defined in Questionnaire II and constraints in Questionnaire III

OPTIMA 19 SCOPE OF APPLICATION: GLOBAL DESCRIPTION OF THE INSTRUMENT COSTS EFFECTIVENESS Parameter affected, value InvestmentOperational Questionaire IV

OPTIMA 20 1.SECTORIAL INSTRUMENTS IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE DESCRIPTION OF THE INSTRUMENT COSTS EFFECTIVENESS Parameter affected, value InvestmentOperational RAINFED AGRICULTURE DESCRIPTION OF THE INSTRUMENT COSTS EFFECTIVENESS Parameter affected, value InvestmentOperational HEAVY INDUSTRY DESCRIPTION OF THE INSTRUMENT COSTS EFFECTIVENESS Parameter affected, value InvestmentOperational Questionaire IV

OPTIMA 21 LIGHT INDUSTRY DESCRIPTION OF THE INSTRUMENT COSTS EFFECTIVENESS Parameter affected, value InvestmentOperational DOMESTIC MUNICIPAL DESCRIPTION OF THE INSTRUMENT COSTS EFFECTIVENESS Parameter affected, value InvestmentOperational TOURISTIC DESCRIPTION OF THE INSTRUMENT COSTS EFFECTIVENESS Parameter affected, value InvestmentOperational Questionaire IV

OPTIMA 22 COMMERCIAL DESCRIPTION OF THE INSTRUMENT COSTS EFFECTIVENESS Parameter affected, value InvestmentOperational SERVICES DESCRIPTION OF THE INSTRUMENT COSTS EFFECTIVENESS Parameter affected, value InvestmentOperational Questionaire IV

OPTIMA 23 Results of Questionaires Q1 OVERALL RESULTS FOR QUESTIONNAIRE I: PHYSICAL CONDITIONS: - Watershed Degradation - Water Scarcity - Droughts WATER MANAGEMENT: - Education and Awareness - Institutional Framework: - Institutional Responsibilities - Active Participation

OPTIMA 24 WATER DEMAND: - Agriculture - Surface Water Demands - Groundwater Demands - Industry: - Surface Water Pollution by Industry WATER SUPPLY: - Quality: - Surface Water Quality - Groundwater Quality - Infrastructures: - Sanitations: Sewers and Treatment Results of Questionaires Q1 RESULTS OF QUETIONAIRE 1 IN EXCEL SHEET

OPTIMA 25 Results of Questionaires Q2 OVERALL RESULTS FOR QUESTIONNAIRE II: Issues in order of priority:  1.Water pollution (5/5)  2. Revision of the existing irrigation network (3/5)  3. Participatory water management (2/5)  4. Water scarcity (2/5)  5. Monitoring networks (2/5) The least important issue: Water demand by tourism

OPTIMA 26 Results of Questionaires Q3 GLOBAL CONSTRAINTS (the numbers in parentheses show the averages of group responses) CONCEPTVALUE Overall Supply / Demand ratio>1.3/ 1.2/ 1/1 (1.125) Reliability of supply (average over all nodes/days)> 70/ 95// 90/90 (86.25)% Cost / Benefit ratio> 1/1.5/1.5/1 (1.25) Total benefits> M€ Investment costs< M€ Total cost including penalties< M€ Unallocated water (daily average flow)< /0 /0.15 /0.10 m 3 /s Overall water content change/decrease< /0/100/50 Mm 3 Relative content change/decrease< /10/10 % Days with flooding<6/ 5 /2/1/1

OPTIMA 27 Results of Questionaires Q3 SECTORAL CONSTRAINTS AGRICULTURE Overall Supply / Demand ratio>1.2/1.2/1.2/1 (1.15) Reliability of supply (daily average over all nodes)> 90/ 90/90/90 (90) % Cost / Benefit ratio> 1/ 1//2/1 (1.25) HEAVY INDUSTRY Overall Supply / Demand ratio< 1 Reliability of supply (daily average over all nodes)> 90 % Cost / Benefit ratio> 1 LIGHT INDUSTRY Overall Supply / Demand ratio< 1/1/1.5/1 (1.125) Reliability of supply (daily average over all nodes)> 95 /90/90 % Cost / Benefit ratio> /1/2/2/1

OPTIMA 28 COMMERCE Overall Supply / Demand ratio>0.90/1.5/1 Reliability of supply (daily average over all nodes)> 90/ 80/90 % Cost / Benefit ratio> 1/1/2/1 SERVICES Overall Supply / Demand ratio>1/0.90/1.5/1 (1.1) Reliability of supply (daily average over all nodes)> 90/100/90/ 90/90 % Cost / Benefit ratio> /0.90/2/2/1 HOUSEHOLDS Overall Supply / Demand ratio>1.5/1.2/1.5/1(1.3) Reliability of supply (daily average over all nodes)> > 95/110/98/100/95 (100)% Cost / Benefit ratio>0.80/1 TOURISM Overall Supply / Demand ratio>1/1.5/1 Reliability of supply (daily average over all nodes)>100/99 /90/90 % Cost / Benefit ratio> 1.2/2/1 Results of Questionaires Q3

OPTIMA 29 LOCAL (NODE specific) CONSTRAINTS NODECONCEPTFROMTOVALUE Demirkopru reservoir Amount of water to be stored 850 Mm3 Wetland Water to be allocated 5 Mm3 Results of Questionaires Q3

OPTIMA 30 Results of Questionaires Q4 SCOPE OF APPLICATION: GLOBAL DESCRIPTION OF THE INSTRUMENT COSTS EFFECTIVENESS Parameter affected, value InvestmentOperational Rehabilitation and renewal of irrigation technologies (3/5) Construction of water treatment plants (3/5) Education & training of water users (2/5) Revision of legislation (2/5) Completion of Gördes and Yiğitler Reservoirs (2/5)

OPTIMA 31 1.SECTORIAL INSTRUMENTS IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE DESCRIPTION OF THE INSTRUMENT COSTS EFFECTIVENESS Parameter affected, value InvestmentOperational Revision and rehabilitation of irrigation networks (5/5) Applying better irrigation technologies in the field such drip irrigation (3/5) Completion of reservoir investments (2/5) Results of Questionaires Q4

OPTIMA 32 Results of Questionaires Q4 RAINFED AGRICULTURE DESCRIPTION OF THE INSTRUMENT COSTS EFFECTIVENESS Parameter affected, value InvestmentOperational Terracing (2/5) Proper crop pattern selection(2/5) HEAVY INDUSTRY DESCRIPTION OF THE INSTRUMENT COSTS EFFECTIVENESS Parameter affected, value InvestmentOperational 3/5 of the groups do not consider the existence of heavy industry in Gediz Basin Construction of industrial wastewater treatment centers (2/5)

OPTIMA 33 Results of Questionaires Q4 LIGHT INDUSTRY DESCRIPTION OF THE INSTRUMENT COSTS EFFECTIVENESS Parameter affected, value InvestmentOperational Construction of a common industrial wastewater treatment plants for Kemalpasa Ind. Zone (3/5) Reuse of recycled water from treatment centers in irrigation (3/5) DOMESTIC MUNICIPAL DESCRIPTION OF THE INSTRUMENT COSTS EFFECTIVENESS Parameter affected, value InvestmentOperational Construction of domestic wastewater treatment centers (4/5) Rehabilitation of domestic water distribution networks (2/5)

OPTIMA 34 Results of Questionaires Q4 TOURISTIC DESCRIPTION OF THE INSTRUMENT COSTS EFFECTIVENESS Parameter affected, value InvestmentOperational 3/5 of groups do not consider tourism significant Preventing thermal wastewater discharges to the river system (1/5) Education & Training (1/5) COMMERCIAL DESCRIPTION OF THE INSTRUMENT COSTS EFFECTIVENESS Parameter affected, value InvestmentOperational

OPTIMA 35 SERVICES DESCRIPTION OF THE INSTRUMENT COSTS EFFECTIVENESS Parameter affected, value InvestmentOperational Enforcing financial investments for domestic water supply (2/5) Results of Questionaires Q4

OPTIMA 36 Overall Results The results of both the individual questionnaires and the group reports indicate the presence of 2 major problems within the basin: water pollution and overexploitation of water resources (i.e., water over-use)

OPTIMA 37 With respect to water pollution, the folllowing issues were considered significant and agreed upon by the stakeholders:  deficiencies in legislation regarding water pollution and water pollution control;  uncertainties in institutions’ enforcement capacities, responsibilities, contraints and scope;  significant needs for building of treatment plants at several points wastewater discharges;  problems related to operaional costs and O&M of existing treatment plants;  lack of public and water user awareness on basin water quality;  inefficient monitoring of water quality with respect to time frequencies and data reliability, which adversely affect water quality management practices and projections into the future. Overall Results

OPTIMA 38 With respect to overexploitation of water resources (i.e., water over-use), the folllowing issues were considered significant and agreed upon by the stakeholders:  significant water losses in water conveyance systems of both the irrigation systems and the domestic water supply systems, which lead to increased water demand;  lack of public and water user awareness on overexpolitation of water and water scarcity;  inefficient and out-of-date irrigation systems and technologies, which lead to increased irrigation water demands;  lack of sufficient and reliable information on the amounts of water actually used by different sectors. Overall Results

OPTIMA stakeholders participated in the workshop on both days, and 41% of them were women (16 out 39). The distribution of women with respect to working groups and the institutions represented are given in following table. GROUP IGROUP IIGROUP IIIGROUP IVGROUP V DSI MoE Prov. Dir.IZSU DSIIZSUMoE, Aegean Forestry THAEM MoE Prov. Dir. State Meteo. Org. Chamber of Industry Ministry of Agriculture Gender Issues

OPTIMA 40 Gender Issues The number of women in each category is: State Meteo.Org.:Governmental Monitoring(1) DSI :Governmental Planning (4) İZSU :Municipality(3) MoE Prov. Dir. :Governmental Monitoring(3) THAEM :Governmental Research(2) Chamber of Ind. :NGO(1) Ministry of Agr. :Governmental Planning (1) MoE, Forestry :Governmental Research(1)

OPTIMA 41 Gender Issues Finally, the percentages of women participants with respect to management functions are: Governmental – Planning:31%(5/16) Governmental – Monitoring:25%(4/16) Governmental – Research:19%(3/16) Municipality:19%(3/16) NGO:6%(1/16)

OPTIMA 42 THANK YOU!