[Module 2] Rules and Guidelines

Rules and Guidelines Waste management an handling rules MSW Bye-Laws Responsibilities in MSW Service Level Benchmarks Analysis of compliance with MSW Rules Stakeholders in MSWM

Bio-medical Waste Rules Waste Management and Handling Rules What is their relevance for ULBs? MSW Rules ULB responsible for implementation of MSWM annual reporting Bio-medical Waste Rules ULB for non-biomedical and treated bio-med waste from hospitals ULB should ensure segregation of bio-med waste mixed in MSW Plastic Waste Rules ULB to handle PW mixed in MSW ULB to set up collection centres ULB to stop open burning of plastic Hazardous Waste Rules ULB should ensure segregation and safe handling of HW mixed in SWM E-Waste Rules ULB to ensure orphaned products and e-waste mixed under MSW is collected / segregated and channelized

MSW (M&H) Rules (2000) Waste management chain Roles and responsibilities Municipality implementation of waste management and related infrastructure compliance with MSW Rules annual reporting accident reporting State Governments & Union Territory Administrations enforcement of MSW Rules and provisions (State / District) SPCBs and Committees granting of authorization and monitoring of compliance of treatment facilities and landfills CPCB co-ordinate implementation and review of standards, guidelines and monitoring consolidated annual review report Citizens segregation of waste at source avoid littering of streets delivery of wastes according to notified system collection stop littering of streets and public places waste collection schedule segregation awareness raising promotion of reuse and recycling promotion of public participation storage community storage facilities transportation transportation in covered vehicles processing minimization of disposal disposal only inert waste to be disposed no disposal of mixed waste responsibilities for disposal standards

Bio-medical Waste Rules Treatment and disposal ULB: training of waste workers yellow containers - incineration human anatomical waste animal waste microbiological and biotechnology waste items contaminated with blood or bloody fluids red containers – autoclave, microwave, chemical treatment solid waste excluding sharps blue / white - autoclave, microwave, chemical treatment plus shredding waste sharps black – disposal in secure landfill discarded medicines and cytotoxic drugs incineration ash solid chemical waste be able to recognize biomedical waste know the color codes used for biomedical waste; know that they should not handle such waste by themselves contact their supervisor immediately know what to do in case a worker is injured by biomedical waste items ULB: supervisors be able to recognize biomedical waste know the color codes used for biomedical waste; know what to do in case BM-waste being found in MSW know what to do in case a worker is injured by biomedical waste items being able to provide guidance to workers

Plastic Waste Rules Roles and responsibilities of the Municipality setting up and implementation of waste management ensure safe collection, storage, segregation, transportation, processing and disposal of plastic waste ensure environmentally safe process ensure channelization of plastic waste to recyclers create awareness amongst stakeholders engage agencies active in the sector ban open burning of plastic waste setting up of plastic waste collection centers apply Extended Producers Responsibility, approach producers for financing safe disposal of residues from recycling process incorporate Plastic Waste Rules in urban bye-laws play an active role reuse of plastic waste

Hazardous Waste Rules Waste management chain ULB: training of waste workers be able to recognize hazardous waste be aware of hazardous characteristics as corrosiveness, explosiveness etc. know how to segregate and store HW mixed in MSW know what to do in case a worker is injured by HW items be able to inform waste generators on handling of HW in households etc. segregation awareness raising amongst waste generators and workers ensure segregation of HW from MSW collection and storage provide collection of HW from households and other generators served by MSWM provide proper temporary storage facilities further handling ensure proper transfer of collected HW to an authorized body for transportation, treatment and disposal ULB: supervisors same as workers ensure proper handling after HW is segregated from MSW

E-Waste Rules - Stakeholders Producers (Bulk) Consumers collection of waste during production EPR – end of life waste of their products contribute to setting up of collection centers financing and organizing e-waste management communicate system to consumers awareness building monitor, record and report e-waste management obtain authorization ensure channeling to collection centers bulk consumers maintain records of e-waste generated ULBs ensure segregation of e-waste mixed to MSW ensure orphaned products and e-waste mixed under MSW are channelized to collection centers train their workers and supervisory staff promote and support setting up of collection centers E-Waste Rules - Stakeholders Recyclers obtain authorization ensure process is in accordance with standards ensure proper management of residues, e.g. HW reporting and records Dismantlers Collection centers obtain authorization ensure proper dismantling process (OHS & environment) ensure no damage is caused to the environment during storage and transport ensure facility is in accordance with standards ensure segregation, recycling, treatment and disposal of dismantled parts reporting and records ensure proper storage of collected e-waste ensure no damage is caused to the environment during storage and transport obtain authorization reporting and records

What can be regulated in a local Bye-Law for MSW? General principles Dumping and littering Waste generation Storage at source Collection Temporary storage to final disposal Management Subsidiarity Penalties Information and complaints What can be regulated in a local Bye-Law for MSW?

What can be regulated in a local Bye-Law for MSW? polluter pays 3 R approach General principles minimization of disposed waste segregation at source bio-degradable non-biodegradable recyclable materials hazardous wastes from households etc. inert waste from street sweeping CDW BMW no untreated waste disposed distinct management & handling paths for segregated wastes

What can be regulated in a local Bye-Law for MSW? declaration of waste free zones banning of dumping and littering Dumping and littering designated areas for littering responsibility of owners and occupants banning of burning

What can be regulated in a local Bye-Law for MSW? specified segregation of waste generator responsible for proper storage bio-degradable hazardous waste generated from households / establishments bio-medical waste from households CDW bulk garden and horticulture waste including recyclable tree trimmings all other non-bio-degradable waste including recyclable and non-recyclable waste Waste generation new occupiers responsible to inform ULB generators obliged to use and pay for municipal services generators obliged to use daily sweeping of streets and public spaces

Storage of waste at source What can be regulated in a local Bye-Law for MSW? furnishing and maintenance of community bins / temporary storage facilities duty of the holders generators have to keep wastes segregated Storage of waste at source generators have to deliver segregated fractions to collection services provision of appropriate temporary storage facilities for segregated waste in case door-to door collection not possible

What can be regulated in a local Bye-Law for MSW? keep waste segregated during collection ULB to arrange daily collection Collection of waste ULB to collect user charges periodical collection of HW and BMW from households local helpline for collection of CDW

From temporary storage to disposal What can be regulated in a local Bye-Law for MSW? freedom of choice of technology sufficient and well maintained temporary storage capacities From temporary storage to disposal regular daily transport from temporary storage to treatment facility construction and operation of scientific disposal suitable resource recovery and treatment facilities

What can be regulated in a local Bye-Law for MSW? Contract service providers Make best use of recycling sector City Sanitation Task Force promotion of 3R and use of recycled / reused items Management OHS of sanitation workers cost coverage MIS for MSWM

Subsidiarity (treatment and disposal) What can be regulated in a local Bye-Law for MSW? Development and MAster PLans to allocate suitable land ULB responsible to allocate land for treatment and disposal Subsidiarity (treatment and disposal) on request of ULB next higher level can allocate land outside ULB State Government may direct smaller ULBs to enter regional agreement

What can be regulated in a local Bye-Law for MSW? against ULB not fulfilling their duties foreseen for non-segregating, littering and disposing outside prescribed places Penalties removal costs recovered from polluter foreseen for sanitation workers and contractors not complying with the provisions

Information and complaints What can be regulated in a local Bye-Law for MSW? information and document accessible to citizens Information and complaints committees to redress complaints

Waste Management and Handling Rules What are the functions of the various levels of government? MSWM function Responsible institutions Legal framework, policies, rules; Guidelines, manuals, and technical assistance Monitor implementation of laws and rules Financing SWM system Planning of treatment and disposal facilities Framing bye-laws Setting levies Execution of MSWM (from collection to disposal) including plastic waste mixed in MSW, management of treated bio-medical waste, channelling of e-waste mixed in MSW Central Government (MoEF, MoUD) State governments (state specific) Municipal authorities (taxes, charges) State governments Central Government Extended Producers Responsibility Municipal authorities, Regional co-operations of authorities State governments Municipal authorities Municipal authorities

Municipal bye-laws and provisions Cascade of legal framework on MSWM National level Legal framework, policies, rules; guidelines, and manuals from a national perspective – setting the frame for specific implementation at state level    State level Specific legal framework, policies, rules; guidelines, and manuals at state level considering specific situation and requirements of the single state Municipal bye-laws and provisions Translating the framework to the local conditions and requirements: Adapt the Draft MSW Bye-Law to the local conditions; Set specific provisions and framework for local MSWM within the scope of action of the ULB Establish a City Sanitation Task Force / Society; MSW Management Plan as part of CSP Delegation of provision of services for specific steps of MSWM chain to NGOs, CBOs, RWAs or private sector; System of charges, fees and penalties, revenue generation; Benchmarks and protocols for monitoring and evaluation

Actors involved in implementation and supervision of MSWM Generators Households Shops, businesses Hotels, restaurants Residential and commercial complexes Public institutions Local intermediaries storage Co-operative societies, Associations Institutional buildings complexes Markets MSWM Service providers ULB / MSWM unit (responsible) may delegate functions to the below and supervise them NGOs / CBOs / RWAs Private sector   Implementation of MSWM Supervision of MSWM ULB City Sanitation Task Force State Government Supervision of implementation SWM Plan / CSP SLBs Supervision of plan implementation Supervision of implementation

Service Level benchmarking - purpose and added value Help local decision-makers identify gaps, plan and prioritise improvement measures Performance data at sub-ULB level are useful for appropriate decisions and competition Enable identification and transfer of best practice Make it possible to link decision-making on financial allocations to service outcomes Provide framework that can underlie contracts/agreements with service providers SLBs help to institutionalise performance management As the principal elected institution for city self-governance, SLBs help ULBs to proof their performance Enhance accountability to customers for service delivery levels Benchmarking with other cities facilitates competitive environment for continuous improvement

Household level coverage of solid waste management services SLBs for MSWM Indicator Benchmark Household level coverage of solid waste management services 100% Efficiency of collection of municipal solid waste Extent of segregation of municipal solid waste Extent of municipal solid waste recovered 80% Extent of scientific disposal of municipal solid waste Efficiency in redress of customer complaints Extent of cost recovery in SWM services Efficiency in collection of SWM charges 90%

Activity: Assessment of compliance with MSW (M&H) Rules 2000 Analyse compliance of MSWM in your hometown with MSW (M&H) Rules 2000 and initially discuss options to achieve better compliance Identify reasons for non-compliance following the mind-maps in your workbook. If you are aware of other reasons than listed please add those to the mind maps. If you want you can also take notes on you rating / reasons for rating in your workbook. Transfer your individual analysis to the posters;

Activity: Assessment of compliance with MSW (M&H) Rules 2000 Optional topics for a group discussion are: Status of implementation of MSW Rules in the home towns, reasons for non-compliance, consequences What would be required to apply the existing rules more efficiently in your city? Individual options for improvement of the current shortfalls What would be essential components of municipal bye-laws to foster efficient MSWM including CDW and other waste classes?

Activity: Stakeholders in MSWM – roles and responsibilities MSWM is a joint undertaking of numerous authorities, institutions, groups and private sector organizations. The stakeholder landscape provides a simplified graphical overview of key stakeholders, their function in the system, and their importance. Construction of a stakeholder landscape for MSWM in your city is the task of this group work.

Activity: Stakeholders in MSWM – working steps List all actors being involved in MSWM (use Table 11 on page 81 of your workbook) Classify the actors according to two criteria: Assign the organizations considered to three spheres of function: Core organizations, contributing organizations, outer layer organizations Assign the stakeholder to one of the 6 core sectors organisation involved in MSWM : Municipal departments / agencies, Government bodies, Civil society organizations, private sector, financing organizations, informal sector Characterize the actors with regard to their interest in the project: supportive, neutral, hesitant, adverse, their power to influence the project: strong, reasonable, low, their responsibility on MSWM Locate the stakeholders in a diagram according to their function and symbolize them with a circle. If a stakeholder has a high power to hamper or stop MSWM processes use red color. Furthermore you can symbolize positive relationships between actors by drawing a connecting line between them. Negative relationships may be symbolized by red lines with a lightning symbol ().

Activity: Stakeholders in MSWM – stakeholder landscape

Activity: Stakeholders in MSWM – working steps ctd. Discuss how the stakeholder’s contribution could be improved / made more efficient. After having compiled the stakeholder landscapes each group presents its results for discussion to the plenary. Groups should particularly consider whether the analysis has brought up new insights in terms of relevance and role of stakeholder groups.

Thank you very much Indo-German Environment Programme (IGEP) Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH  Sustainable Urban Habitat B-5/2, First Floor, Safdurjung Encalve, New Delhi-110029, Tel: +91-11-49495300/01/02