1 | Program Name or Ancillary Texteere.energy.gov Water Power Peer Review A-WEC Franc Mouwen Wavebob LLC November 2011

2 | Wind and Water Power Programeere.energy.gov Context (1) The Wavebob is a floating self-reacting uni-axial point absorber that converts the energy contained in the heave direction of ocean waves into a powerful mechanical stroke. Wavebob is specialist in the modelling, analysis and prototype build of such converters. This powerful mechanical stroke is converted into useful electrical energy by means of a Power Take Off. Based on techno-economical design criteria and life-cycle considerations, Wavebob came to the conclusion that a PTO generator based on “Switched Reluctance” technology has high chance of future commercial success. In particular robustness and simplicity of the mechanical hardware, and the flexibility of the control to (novel) future control strategies is attractive. The application of switched reluctance technology in generator mode in general, and for the slow, linear motion offered by wave energy in particular, is innovative. Partner RCT Systems is a specilist in this Switched Reluctance technology, its controller design, and prototype build. The A-WEC project allows Wavebob to progress on these items.

3 | Wind and Water Power Programeere.energy.gov Context (2) Wavebob is in the process of developing a full scale US demonstrator that will follow the A-WEC project. The engineering design shall be based on extensive numerical modelling of wave data followed by wave tank test confirmation. Diameter will typically exceed 16m.

4 | Wind and Water Power Programeere.energy.gov Purpose, Objectives, & Integration The primary objective of the project is to evaluate system motion, interactions and dynamic responses to better understand the Wave Energy Converter (WEC) power generation. The project retires key risk factors related to replacing the hydraulic-based PTO with a direct generation SR linear generator better suited to the wave energy source. This project represents the stage of development and risk retirement to accelerate the objective of effectively generating renewable, environmentally responsible, and cost-effective electricity. Therefore, this project directly supports the goals of both the DOE Water Power Program and the FOA objectives.

5 | Wind and Water Power Programeere.energy.gov Technical Approach (1) Based on a Systems Engineering philosophy, three project tasks will be executed around four structured phases: analysis phase, design phase, build phase and test phase. During the early design phases of the switched reluctance PTO leading to a Systems Design Review, it was realized that an in-direct SR generator using a rack and pinion as first linear to rotary motion conversion is preferred. A pure linear generator is thus considered un-economical for wave energy applications. The design of the wave tank WEC has been finalized based on optimized converter design following extensive numerical modeling. A model is currently being build.

6 | Wind and Water Power Programeere.energy.gov Technical Approach (2) During the early design phases of the switched reluctance PTO leading to a Systems Design Review, it was realized that an in-direct SR generator using a rack and pinion as first linear to rotary motion conversion is preferred. A pure linear generator is thus considered un-economical for wave energy applications.

7 | Wind and Water Power Programeere.energy.gov Plan, Schedule, & Budget Schedule: Initiation date: August 2011 Planned completion date: August 2013 –Slow contract negotiation caused some delay in starting the project. Milestones for FY11: SDR (completed) and PDR (13 December 2011) Milestones for FY12: CDR, TRR The Critical design review for the linear generator in July 2012 will update building cost and will form a “Go/no-go decision point” for this task of the project. Budget: There are no current variances from planned budget. Currently the conceptual principles are optimized to fit available budgets. $ 853, of the project budget has been expended to date. Total DoE Award amounts $ 2,400,000. Budget History FY2009FY2010FY2011 DOECost-shareDOECost-shareDOECost-share ----$439,975.22$413,976.72

8 | Wind and Water Power Programeere.energy.gov Accomplishments and Results To complete the first major SDR milestone, initial simulations and analysis for the SR generator were completed. A major outcome was that a direct linear generator solution would become very large and uneconomical. An “indirect” solution using rack and pinion linear to rotary conversion in combination with a rotary SR generator was preferred, and is a major fundamental design decision. A novel and innovative ring generator optimized for the typical slow variable wave energy inputs was conceived and is currently being further developed as preliminary design towards the next PDR milestone. A key barrier remains the size of the machine and realizing the functionality of a full bench-test program within the available budget. Extensive simulation activity has lead to optimized WEC shapes for ADM-6. A design for a wave tank model was conceived and is currently being designed and built.

9 | Wind and Water Power Programeere.energy.gov Challenges to Date A key challenge is the relative large size of the machine as a direct consequence of the typical slow but powerful harmonic motion of wave energy (typically 0,1Hz). As a result, design decisions have to be made that are constrained by the available project budget, whilst maintaining the key objective of demonstrating the functionality of linear motion to electrical power conversion. Progress is not affected. In order to facilitate the decision-making process in current design phases, various scenarios are developed with the purpose of containing cost, but unavoidably compromising on scope or functionality to some extend. On that basis, a way forward is defined based on a prioritization of design objectives and possible re-allocation of scope elements.

10 | Wind and Water Power Programeere.energy.gov Next Steps The project schedule is as follows: Design decisions have to be made that are constrained by the available project budget, whilst maintaining the key objective of demonstrating the functionality of linear motion to electrical power conversion.

11 | Wind and Water Power Programeere.energy.gov Additional Slides The following slides are for information purposes only

12 | Wind and Water Power Programeere.energy.gov Guidelines for number of slides (Not a template slide – for information purposes only) Most presenters this year will be allotted between 10 and 20 minutes for the presentation with 5 to 10 minutes reserved for Q&A. Thus, shorter presentations should contain a maximum of 10 presented slides, with no more than 1 slide per minute for longer presentations. The bulk of your presentation/discussion should be devoted to the “Technical Approach,” “Accomplishments and Results,” and “Next Steps” sections, depending on how much work has been completed

13 | Wind and Water Power Programeere.energy.gov Preparation Instructions (Not a template slide – for information purposes only) Do not include any proprietary, copyrighted, or confidential information. Do not mark any slide with “Official Use Only” or any similar restriction used by your organization. Please name your electronic MS PowerPoint presentation file as follows (use the first 4 letters of your title): [Title_Organization_LastName.ppt]. Do not incorporate animation or special effects since all presentations will be saved as PDF files for presentation and for posting on the web. Animations critical to describing the project may be presented as separate files, however they must be approved by the Program and presented within your allotted time.

14 | Wind and Water Power Programeere.energy.gov Final Instructions (Not a template slide – for information purposes only) Your presentation, in MS PowerPoint format, is due to Ed Eugeni at by September 27 th. If your presentation is too large to , contact Ed Eugeni at for alternative delivery options. Reviewers will be receiving your presentation prior to the meeting. In order to supply adequate time for the reviewers to review your material prior to the meeting, you MUST submit your presentation by close of business on September 27th. Your project is subject to a score reduction penalty if you fail to meet this deadline.

15 | Wind and Water Power Programeere.energy.gov Questions? (Not a template slide – for information purposes only) Contact: –Hoyt Battey at –or Ed Eugeni at