Butanol as Fuel – View From the Field

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
1 9/21/2010 Iman Rusmana Department of Biology Bogor Agricultural University What is Ethanol? Ethanol Production From Biomass Ethanol Production From Grains.
Advertisements

Subsidiaries & Affiliates
DISTILLATION.
Biomass and Biofuels MECH April Background Biomass: material of recent biological origin. Provides (directly or via processing) HC fuel.
World Waste to Energy City Summit – May 2015
Waste Management and Energy Opportunities (EDITED) Steve Cox Anaerobe Systems 3/09/2007.
Slide 1 U.S. Energy Situation, Ethanol, and Energy Policy Wally Tyner.
CheyAnn May and Amanda Murrillo  A domestically produced renewable energy source made from plant material such as corn, wheat, etc. (feedstocks)  The.
Production, Profit and Bio-Based Products Jim Imbler, President & CEO Advanced Biofuels Leadership Conference April 21, 2011.
Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energyeere.energy.gov 1 Zia Haq – U.S. Department of Energy Biomass Program Biofuels Activities at DOE.
Future of the Bioeconomy and Biofuels: Overview, Industry, and Agriculture? Dan Otto Chad Hart John A. Miranowski Iowa State University.
Department of Environmental Quality Energy Planning and Renewable Energy Section June 26, 2012, Billings, Montana Howard Haines Montana Bioenergy Program.
2011 Advanced Biofuels Leadership Conference Virent Energy Systems Lee Edwards, CEO.
Production of Ethanol. Producing Ethanol from Corn 1.The corn will be milled into a fine powder.
John Plaza President and Founder Chief Executive Officer - Integrated Bio-refineries - maximizing distillate fuels including.
BP Biofuels a growing alternative Phil New, CEO BP Alternative Energy 9 July 2013.
GREEN CHEMISTRY: PROESA ® Technology to convert Biomass into Bio-based Chemicals Guido Ghisolfi.
How can plant biomass become fuel? Ethanol Biodiesel Burgeoning (expanding) Technologies – DMF – Butanol – Fischer Tropsch.
Can we produce biofuels without affecting food production and the environment? The World Food Prize, Oct. 19, 2007 Birgitte K. Ahring BioCentrum-DTU &
Unit 2 Hydrocarbons. Go to question What type of reaction takes place when butene is formed from butane? When propyne reacts with chlorine,
Licensing Cellulosic Biofuel Technology Today Coskata: Accelerating to Commercialization Wes Bolsen CMO & VP, Government Affairs Coskata, Inc.
Biological Process for Butanol Production
Alcohols AS Chemistry lesson 48 Textbook reference: p Next lesson:
Total Energy Consumption In 2006, India was the seventh largest net importer of oil in the world. With 2007 net imports of 1.8 million bbl/d, India is.
New Frontiers in Biofuel Production Fernando Robelo Daniel Bowser.
Butanol Blends as Marine Fuels An Overview
 Alcohols for fuel: Biological energy to usable energy Beth Papanek.
Senate Transportation and Housing Committee Providing Fuels of the Future Catherine Reheis-Boyd President October 24, 2011 WESTERN STATES PETROLEUM ASSOCIATION.
The Smart Way - Utilising RTP TM technology to produce sustainable 2 nd generation bio-oil from local feedstocks NWBC 2012 CEO Timo Saarelainen.
Ethanol and Sustainable Agriculture Mike Morris National Center for Appropriate Technology.
Prof Martin Tangney Director Biofuel Research Centre Presentation Part 2.
Bioenergy-butanol.
Bioenergy-butanol.
Agenda n Introduction to Biofuels n Biotechnology can help make Biofuels cheaper n The next generation of biofuels and the US economy n Israeli biotechnology.
Grain & Sugar Ethanol Fact Sheet Grain-to-Ethanol Production The grain-to-ethanol process starts by separating, cleaning, and milling.
ALTERNATIVE FUELS. World today is facing the pinch of rising energy consumption. Green house gas emissions and global warming is also in the forefront.
Solid Biomass Conversion to Transportation Fuels with UOP RTP™ Upgrading Technology Jim Rekoske April 3, 2012 Washington, D.C.
Lesson 11 - Ethanol Learning Objectives:
Biodiesel Fact Sheet Transesterification The most well-established technology for biodiesel production is transesterification. The process involves filtering.
Distillation Definition: a method of separating mixtures based on differences in their volatilities in a boiling liquid mixture. Distillation is a physical.
1 Feedstock Cost and Demonstration Units renewable chemicals and fuels Rick Wilson Chief Executive Officer.
April 21, 2012 Michael Wiehn Dr. David Nielsen
Alternative Fuel Using Chemistry By: Simon Gnagy and Madeline Roberts.
The Brazilian Ethanol Program Lessons Learned and Perspectives Presentation to: Latin America 2007 Texas A&M University Renato T Bertani Thompson & Knight.
Ethanol Fuel (Corn, Sugarcane, Switchgrass) Blake Liebling.
Energy from Biomass: Liquid Biofuels Vitor Goncalves, Eric Lin, Jay Yostanto Sustainable Resource Engineering - Fall 2015 with Professor 박준홍.
More for Less: Metabolic Engineering of Yeast for Ethanol Production Nicholas Memmer College of Agriculture Dept. of Microbiology.
Biodiesel Industry Update John Hoffman American Soybean Association.
__________________________ © Cactus Moon Education, LLC. CACTUS MOON EDUCATION, LLC ENERGY FROM PLANTS AND ANIMALS BIOMASS.
Bioenergy Basics 101 Biobenefits Check Your Source Fueling the Future From Field To Pump The Raw Materials Fun in the Sun
Biofuels 2.0 Sustainable Startups Jack Oswald, CEO SynGest Inc.
Biofuels CENV 110. Topics The Technology Current status around the world – Supply and trends in production Impact Benefits Costs – Carbon balance – Net.
Fueling America for 2009 and beyond. State of the Union? In his 2006 State of the Union speech, President George W. Bush called for U.S. citizens to cure.
Distillation!  By Chantalle and Sharnhi.
© 2016 Global Market Insights, Inc. USA. All Rights Reserved Fuel Cell Market size worth $25.5bn by 2024 Industrial Alcohol Market Innovation.
Converting CO2 into Higher Alcohols
Powering the Future: Biofuels
Bacon Academy Science & Alternative Energy
Making Ethanol from Algae
Liquids.
GYANMANJARI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Bio-Fuel Applications
U.S. Agricultural Policy and Energy
The oil industry Wan Chi Chao (Jessie) 12F.
© 2016 Global Market Insights, Inc. USA. All Rights Reserved Oxo Alcohols Market Research, Oxo Alcohols Market Size By Product.
Biofuel Demand Projections In the Annual Energy Outlook
Second Generation Biofuels in India – Relevance and Status
DuPont Biofuels: Building a Sustainable Future
Presentation transcript:

Butanol as Fuel – View From the Field NREL March 11, 2010 Sam Nejame Promotum Thank you for having me here. I’m Sam Nejame and my company is Promotum, a consulting firm focused on commercialization of next gen biofuels and green routes to chemicals. We provide business development, corporate development, due diligence, strategic planning and other services that help grow companies and markets. Poll: Know your audience. Show of hands. How many policy? Commercialization? Scientists? 1 1

Agenda What is Butanol? Brief History ABE Process Today’s Butanol From Petroleum The Future of Butanol Fuels Questions 2 2

What is Butanol? Family of 4 Carbon Alcohols Most common forms are normal butanol (n-buoh) and iso-butanol (i-buoh)‏ n-buoh primarily used to make butyl acrylates for coatings and adhesives Both n-buoh and iso-buoh have good fuel properties 3 3

Butanol Physical & Fuel Properties Physical Property i-butanol n-butanol Ethanol Density at 20°C (g/cm³)‏ 0.802 0.810 0.794 Boiling Point at 1 atm (⁰C)‏ 108 118 78 Water Solubility at 20⁰C (g/100mL water)‏ 8.0 7.7 Miscible Net Heat of Combustion (BTU/gal)‏ 95,000 93,000 80,000 R+M/2 103.5 87 112 Blend RVP (psi at 100⁰F) 1 5.0 4.3 18-22 This is a good time to distinguish between n-buoh and iso-buoh. Both have similar energy content and vapor pressure and solubility characteristics, but iso has a higher octane number (R+M/2) and is a better choice for blending w/gasoline. n-buoh has higher a higher cetane number and is a better choice for blending with diesel. Promotum, Gevo 4 4

Summary Comparison Butanol to Ethanol Fuel Higher energy content Less hydrophilic More compatible w/oil infrastructure More compatible w/installed base of autos Reduces blend vapor pressure Less corrosive Iso-butanol works well with gasoline n-butanol works well with diesel Compatibility w/oil infrastructure. Butanols are not corrosive to aluminum (etoh is). Butanols are much less hydrophilic and can be transported through existing pipelines. Reduction in blend vapor pressure means fewer VOC emissions and lower cost formulations can be used in EPA non attainment areas. 5 5

Butanol a Brief History Acetone, Butanol, Ethanol (ABE) Process First Industrial Fermentation Commercialized (1918)‏ Clostridium acetobutylicum bacteria Acetone for Cordite Later butanol for butyl paint & coatings (1930’s)‏ RAF planes flew on butanol during WWII Petroleum based production becomes cheaper (1950s)‏ Fermentation of Clostridium for the production of acetone, n-buoh and etoh is the oldest industrial fermentative process. Originally utilized for the production of acetone and smokeless gunpowder. In the 1930s butanol’s value for paints and coatings was realized. Production of butanol via ABE continued up until the 1950s when the modern petro-chemical industry was born. China continues to use traditional ABE fermentation. 6 6

ABE Fermentation Reaction Kinetics Although ABE is no longer current technology it forms the basis of many new bio routes to butanol. Actually half a mixed acid fermentation: acetic, propionic, butyric. Metabolic shift conversion to acetone, butanol, etoh. Traditionally in a 3:6:1 ratio A:B:E Ramey & Yang 7 7

Problems w/Traditional ABE Process Toxicity to the organism Low product concentrations Low yield Toxicity to the organism (~1% concentration) impedes growth and product formation. Low product concentrations mean high water separation costs, Low yields increase size of all up front materials handling 8 8

Butanol Production From Petroleum (1950s-Present)‏ Production of Butanol by oxo Alcohol Process Players & Market Share US & Global Manufacturing Capacity Price history of butanol, ethanol, gasoline So what replaced ABE? The creation of the modern petro-chemical industry created a new cost effective route to butanol. 9 9

Butanol Production From the oxo Process At a refinery naptha is cracked to propylene Propylene is the primary raw material and cost driver of n-buoh production. The oxo process produces ~90% n-buoh and ~10% iso-buoh. Global market for nbuoh is 3.8 M mtons/Yr Global iso-buoh is ~ 0.4 M mtons/Yr Metex 10 10

Market Share of Leading n-Butanol Producers Biggest producers are German giant BASF and Dow Chemical. Metex 11 11

Global Butanol Industry Capacity - Facility Cost Curve Cash Cost ($ / mton)‏ Cost curve shows every butanol facility manufacturing capacity and cost of production. Each bar is a facility. Width is capacity. Height is cost. Least competitive plants (far right) are eastern European and Japanese plants. Cumulative Capacity (K mtons)‏ Source: Tetra Vitae, SRI; company analysis Assumptions: $70 oil, range of feedstock cost 12 12

Domestic Butanol Production Cumulative Capacity (K mtons)‏ DOMESTIC DEMAND exports Butanol Cash Cost ($ / mt)‏ Cumulative Capacity (K mtons)‏ Source: Tetra Vitae, SRI; company analysis Assumptions: $70 Oil 13 13

Chemical Strategies, Inc. Price of butanol is typically 2X-3X the price gasoline and ethanol. Chemical Strategies, Inc. 14 14

The Future of Bio-Butanol Fuels “Our goal is to build a supply chain from lignocellulose to butanol.” Tony Hayward, CEO British Petroleum So, who thinks there’s a business in butanol? 15 15

Summary Bio-Butanol Process Goals Power & Price of Biotechnology Tools... systems biology, pathway engineering... Over expression butanol Suppression of other pathways Organism tolerance Improving yield Increasing productivity (rate)‏ Flexible feedstocks What’s changed to make biological processes competitive again? 16 16

Status Domestic Butanol Companies Company Bug Bug Strategy Molecule Fermentation Process Separation Strategy Development Status Gevo Yeast GMO UCLA Valine metabolism iso-buoh Semi batch vacuum flash in situ removal followed by distillation trains 2010 Operating pilot in St. Johns, MO. 2011 Commercial Cobalt Biofuels Clostridium Non GMO strain reduced etoh and acetone n-buoh for blending w/gasoline, diesel, jet Continuous modified ABE Fermentation vapor compression distillation 2010 pilot 10-35k gpy 2011 demo 2-5m gpy 2012 commercial Tetra Vitae Clostridium beijerinckii Non GMO selected for reduced etoh production n-buoh and acetone 2:1 Semi batch "AB" Fermentation Carbon dioxide stripping continuous in situ removal followed by distillation trains 2009 300 liter bench 2010 10,000 liter pilot Butyl Fuel Clostridiums Aceto & tyro GMO & mutant strain n-buoh Continuous two stage dual path anaerobic fermentation stripping following immobilized cell bioreactors Unknown Syngas Biofuels Energy Fermentation of Syngas GMO Thermochemical catalyst NA 17 17

Status International Butanol Companies Company Bug Bug Strategy Molecule Fermentation Process Separation Strategy Development Status Butamax (DuPont/BP)‏ 1.Clostridium 2.E.Coli GMOs iso-buoh Semi batch continuous in situ removal followed by distillation trains 2010 Salt End Hull, UK 2013 Commercial Additional Feedstocks 2013+ Green Biologics (UK)‏ Clostridium. Mixed populations GMOs high tolerance (4%)‏ n-buoh Continuous fermentation In situ removal unknown. Building demo in India. Consulting w/Chinese firms Metex (FR)‏ "Well known bacteria“ Unkown Unknown Butalco (Switzerland)‏ Yeast unclear China Clostridium Currently selected strain. Migrating to GMOs Migrating from traditional ABE Fermentation. May include in situ removal 2010 100MM gpy traditional ABE. 201X migration beyond ABE. Plans to add 350 MM gpy new capacity. 18 18

Bio-Butanol Projecting the 3rd Wave An optimistic projection for the future of butanol manufacture and acceptance. Some predict the entire petro chemical butanol market will be replaced with bio-butanol in 5 years. Highly unlikely. 19 Green Biologics 19

Bio Iso-Butanol Fuel Commercialization Forecast ---$6bn chemicals------------------------------------------------- We are likely to see some ethanol facilities retrofitted by Gevo, Butamax and Cobalt. It is very possible we will see 4 or 5 (80MM gallon plants) go online They will initially sell into the chemicals market for isobutanol (and possibly n-buoh)‏ If the facilities are economical we will see them enter the fuels market within 10 years 20 Promotum 20

Thoughts on Butanol Adoption 1 Pricing/Economics have to work Markets for butanol, petroleum and sugar feedstocks change daily. 2 Avoid Food v. Fuel Round II Butanol is a better alcohol, but for now corn is still the feedstock 3 Tax credits, biorefinery grants, loan guarantees Need to be extended to butanol. Government and private investment are necc. 4 Enlist/Co-exist w/current ethanol producers Infighting will slow production & adoption. Oil companies like BP (Butamax) may not be politically correct market driver. 5 Autos/Engine makers must approve May be catalytic converter issues. Manufacturer's warrantees essential. 6 Consumer education Higher energy content means a gallon isn't a gallon. Odor maybe a problem. 7 Technology improvements must continue Anything beyond ethanol is new territory at this scale 21 21

Acknowledgements Jim Evangelow Chemical Strategies Gorden Cheng ChemaLogic Jay Kouba Tetra Vitae Hans Blachek University of Illinois-Urbana Adam Schubert Butamax Ron Bray SRI Consulting 22 22

Thank You Sam Nejame Promotum 617.576.9084 Sam@Promotum.com Twitter.com/renewables 23 23