Group 12 Subterranean Fourier Transformers Chris Springer, Andrew Duncan, and Adam Kassar

 Problem Statement  Needs  Project Background  Overall Architecture  Level Zero Architecture  Level One Architecture  Major Technologies  Creative Aspects  Challenges to System Development  Outcomes  Conclusion

 Meet a clearly articulated need to save the lives of trapped miners during mining incidents  Continue the work of current and past EE 480/481 groups

 Statistical Support  Coal Mine Fatality Statistics  Coal Mine Fatality Rate Plot  Psychological Impact  Trapped situation due to mine collapse burdens the miners  Example ▪ PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder)  Communications device proposed reduces amount of time trapped underground

YearMinersFatalitiesYearMinersFatalitiesYearMinersFatalities , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,43721

 Meet safety regulations  All MSHA CFR 30 Standards  Rugged  Must be able to withstand impacts and physical abuse  Compact/Lightweight  Miners must be able to carry a large amount of equipment into cramped areas  Low Power  Unsafe for high power signal broadcasting  Ensures long battery life

 Communicating with miners is as old of a problem as the occupation itself  No two-way underground-surface communication system currently exists

 Two way through the earth communication is not possible with current technology  High radio frequencies (RF) scatter when propagating through the Earth’s crust  Wide band transmissions are below the noise floor and thus non-detectable  Proposed Solution  Spread Spectrum at Ultra Low Frequencies (ULF)

Durkin, John. "Assessmentment of Present Electromagnetic Techniques for the Location of Trapped Miners." 1980.

 Current Technologies approved by MSHA (Mine Safety and Health Administration)  Walkie-Talkies  Leaky Feeder Communication Systems  Mine Page Phones  RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) Tracking Systems  PED (Personal Emergency Device)

 Chilean mine collapse of 2010  33 miners trapped underground  Took 17 days to find them ▪ Why?

 Overall Architecture  Level Zero Architecture  Level One Architecture  Level Two Architecture  Use Case  User Interface Specification  Keypad  LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) Screen  Dataflow Diagram  State Transition Diagram  Circuit Diagram

 Magister  Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) hardware used to interface other cards with a PC via USB

 Janus  Analog-to-Digital converter  Digital-to-Analog converter

 Use Existing Open Source HAM Radio Software/Hardware  PowerSDR  GNURadio  Janus/Magister Cards  Digital Signal Processing Algorithm  Spread spectrum  Detect low-power signals at Ultra Low Frequencies

 Low power  Ultra Low Frequency  Needed for through the earth propagation  Product Size  Mine Safety and Health Standards  Completing project on time

 Lab bench prototype  Able to send and receive ASCII characters  Operate in an electrically-noisy environment

TaskWeek Number in Semester Crash course on related technologies (languages, hardware usage) Review/Understand previous work Implement Signal Processing Algorithim Implement Spread Spectrum Design Implement Sending Implement Receiving Lab bench testing Actual Testing Verfication Testing Error fixing

NamePriceQuantity Possession Status Janus Board NA 2 EE 481 already obtained Will pass on to us Metis Board NA 2 EE 481 already obtained Will pass on to us Atlas Board NA 2 EE 481 already obtained Will pass on to us Power Supply Unit NA 2 EE 481 already obtained Will pass on to us SDR 1000 NA 2 EE 481 already obtained Will pass on to us

 The digital signal processing portion of the project will be the central focus of our work  A lab bench prototype is anticipated to be produced by the end of our work and fully tested  Transmit and Receive from both ends of the prototype