OECD ECEC Network Catherine Hynes Department of Education and Science, Ireland

Country Profile Republic of Ireland: Population: 4.23m (April 2006) Land Area: 68,890 sq km 418,612 Number of children birth to six: 418,612 (10 % of population) Rising birth rate + 16% approx since 2006 Unemployment: 13.2% in % in % in % Nov 2009 Female labour force participation rate: 1985: 30% 2006: 59.39% Apr-Jun 09: 54% (source: CSO)

Structures- DES Main legislative basis – 1998 Education Act –School attendance mandatory for 6-16 year olds. –45.5% of 4 year olds and 99% of 5 year olds are enrolled in junior infant classes in primary schools. –Targeted interventions in areas of disadvantage and special needs Early Start programme <3% of child cohort are in Early Start programmes Early Start programme <3% of child cohort are in Early Start programmes Segregated Traveller pre-schools - 29 segregated Traveller pre-schools remaining. Government policy is to phase out segregated provision at all levels of the Education System Segregated Traveller pre-schools - 29 segregated Traveller pre-schools remaining. Government policy is to phase out segregated provision at all levels of the Education System Provision for children with autism. Pre-school classes attached to primary schools Provision for children with autism. Pre-school classes attached to primary schools

Structures OMCYA Childcare Directorate formerly part of Dept of Justice Equality and Law Reform Childcare Directorate formerly part of Dept of Justice Equality and Law Reform Main Legislation – 1991 Child Care Act –ECCE Sector not regulated until the 1996 Child Care (Pre-School Services) Regulation. –Meant that pre-school services had to be inspected by the Health Board –1996 regulations revoked by the –1996 regulations revoked by the Child Care (Pre-School Services) (No 2) Regulations – –The 2006 Regulations focus more on the childs learning, development and well-being

Since the 1990s 1998 saw 2 major policy development consultation processes almost running in parallel saw 2 major policy development consultation processes almost running in parallel. –Education - The National Forum on Early Childhood Education March 1998 brought together all stakeholders in the ECCE sector in Ireland –Consensus on the positive benefits to children, families and the wider society of high quality ECCE provision. –National Forum Report, which ultimately led to the publication of Ready to Learn, the White Paper on Early Childhood Education (DES, 1999) –Department of Justice, Equality and Law Reform established the Expert Working Group on Childcare – main driver was Childcare Provision as a support to participation in the Labour force –Resulted in the publication of the National Childcare Strategy (1999) Developments since then include the National Childrens Strategy 2000 Developments since then include the National Childrens Strategy 2000

Investment Since 2000 The Equal Opportunities Childcare Programme The Equal Opportunities Childcare Programme –Set up a network of 33 City and County Childcare Committees. Their job to develop a co-ordinated strategy for childcare provision within the county. to develop a co-ordinated strategy for childcare provision within the county. to increase the supply of childcare services, facilities and childminders. to increase the supply of childcare services, facilities and childminders. –Brought together all the stakeholders through the National Childcare Co-ordinating Committee Investment in Infrastructure Investment in Infrastructure –Around 41,000 places –Over 500m expended Successor Programme – National Childcare Investment Programme Successor Programme – National Childcare Investment Programme

Split System Historically, the care and education of a young child were seen as separate with care being a health responsibility Historically, the care and education of a young child were seen as separate with care being a health responsibility Church influence on the autonomy of the family Church influence on the autonomy of the family Pattern of workforce participation by mothers of young children Pattern of workforce participation by mothers of young children Irelands split system has meant The development of a separate physical infrastructure for pre-school services and school services The development of a separate physical infrastructure for pre-school services and school services Separate legislative basis Separate legislative basis Separate inspection system Separate inspection system Separate qualification basis Separate qualification basis Development of a caste system whereby the ECCE sector is low paid, without much status compared to the primary school system Development of a caste system whereby the ECCE sector is low paid, without much status compared to the primary school system Disconnect between the play based learning in pre-school services and the more formal curriculum of Junior and Senior Infants Disconnect between the play based learning in pre-school services and the more formal curriculum of Junior and Senior Infants Disconnect between the supports available for children with special needs Disconnect between the supports available for children with special needs

Irelands pattern of pre- school care and education Care used for pre-school children (% of households) Childcare Type Parent/Guardian6562 Unpaid relative 1210 Paid relative 55 Childminder/Au Pair/Nanny 13 Creche/Montessori/Playschool1424 Other01 Total households using non-parental childcare 4248 Unweighted sample (number of households) 4,0492,681

Split System Historically, the care and education of a young child were seen as separate with care being a health responsibility Historically, the care and education of a young child were seen as separate with care being a health responsibility Church influence on the autonomy of the family Church influence on the autonomy of the family Pattern of workforce participation by mothers of young children Pattern of workforce participation by mothers of young children Irelands split system has meant The development of a separate physical infrastructure for pre-school services and school services The development of a separate physical infrastructure for pre-school services and school services Separate legislative basis Separate legislative basis Separate inspection system Separate inspection system Separate qualification basis Separate qualification basis Development of a caste system whereby the ECCE sector is low paid, without much status compared to the primary school system Development of a caste system whereby the ECCE sector is low paid, without much status compared to the primary school system Disconnect between the play based learning in pre-school services and the more formal curriculum of Junior and Senior Infants Disconnect between the play based learning in pre-school services and the more formal curriculum of Junior and Senior Infants Disconnect between the supports available for children with special needs Disconnect between the supports available for children with special needs

Evidence of integration The 1999 White Paper on Early Education, Ready to Learn, identified a key role for the Department in improving the quality of educational provision in childcare settings. It also set out the key tenet that the Department would support the growth of, rather than replace, the wide range of existing provision in the early childhood area The 1999 White Paper on Early Education, Ready to Learn, identified a key role for the Department in improving the quality of educational provision in childcare settings. It also set out the key tenet that the Department would support the growth of, rather than replace, the wide range of existing provision in the early childhood area Development of Practice Frameworks for 0-6 year olds in all settings Development of Practice Frameworks for 0-6 year olds in all settings –Síolta, the National Quality Framework for Early Childhood Education (2006) – developed by the CECDE- an agency of the Department of Education and Science –Aistear, the Curriculum Framework for Early Learning (NCCA) 2009 A Workforce Development Plan for the sector A Workforce Development Plan for the sector

12 One Framework catering for three overlapping phases Aistear – Babies Toddlers Young children

Pre-school year from Jan 2010 Backdrop Ireland is in the middle of a recession Ireland is in the middle of a recession It is anticipated that unemployment will be at 13.75% in 2010 It is anticipated that unemployment will be at 13.75% in 2010 Extensive savings sought on public expenditure Extensive savings sought on public expenditure Why introduce universal pre-school provision? To meet the 2002 Barcelona targets To meet the 2002 Barcelona targets To deliver on Government commitments To deliver on Government commitments How is it being funded It is being funded by the scrapping of the Early Childcare Supplement (ECS) payment. A direct payment to parents 480m in 2008 It is being funded by the scrapping of the Early Childcare Supplement (ECS) payment. A direct payment to parents 480m in 2008 The ECS had been heavily criticised The ECS had been heavily criticised The OMCYA had argued strongly against the introduction of the ECS The OMCYA had argued strongly against the introduction of the ECS

Other reasons The belief that the ECCE sector was in crisis - children were being withdrawn from pre-school services as parents could no longer afford to pay for that service The belief that the ECCE sector was in crisis - children were being withdrawn from pre-school services as parents could no longer afford to pay for that service The protection of jobs and the current investment within the sector The protection of jobs and the current investment within the sector

Employment Trend

Challenges Quality of pre-school provision Quality of pre-school provision Equality/Diversity within pre-school services Equality/Diversity within pre-school services Support services for children with special needs Support services for children with special needs The implementation of Síolta and Aistear The implementation of Síolta and Aistear Professionalization of the sector Professionalization of the sector How to bridge the care/education divide How to bridge the care/education divide