APA Journal STYLE and FORMAT Next yearPlz add a PDF of an article on antimicrobial activity for demo and also show the project report sample Lecture by : Dr. M.FAHAD Ullah How to Write and Publish Scientific Papers ?
APA Style and Format When do a researcher /scientist writes a scientific manuscript (article) Thinks of an idea /hypothesis Execute the idea for the research (Experiments) Obtain the results Plans to share the results with scientific community Writes a manuscript
APA Style and Format American Psychological Association (APA) Style A set of rules to standardize the writing procedure for scientific publications. It is designed: To ensure clarity of communication To move idea forward ( minimum of distraction and maximum of precision )
APA Style and Format Title Page Abstract Introduction Method Results Discussion References Appendices
APA Style and Format TITLE PAGE Title: summarizes the main idea of the paper(10 to 12 words recommended length) Authors (Persons contributing to the generation of the manuscript) Affiliation
APA Style and Format ABSTRACT The Problem ( one sentence) Participants (important characteristics) Methods ( Instrumentation, procedures and techniques) Findings ( Statistical significance) Conclusion and Implication (application) Must not exceed 120 words
APA Style and Format A Good Abstract: Self-contained Concise and specific Coherent and readable
APA Style and Format INTRODUCTION Develop the background ( review of related literature) The purpose and rationale Significance of the study Conceptual and theoretical framework Statement of the problem
APA Style and Format METHODOLOGY How the study was conducted Identify subsections Participants or subjects Apparatus & Materials Procedure
APA Style and Format RESULTS Summarizes the data and statistical analyses Report data in sufficient detail Mention all relevant results Raw data or individual scores should not be included
APA Style and Format RESULTS Tables and Figures Statistical Presentation Informationaly adequate statistics (Statistical significance)
APA Style and Format DISCUSSION Start the section with clear statement of the support or nonsupport for original hypothesis Similarities and differences between the results and the work of others should clarify and confirm the conclusion
APA Style and Format DISCUSSION Acknowledge limitation Address alternative explanation of results End the discussion with commentary on the importance of the findings
APA Style and Format REFERENCES Arranged alphabetically by family names of the authors. E.g. Format: Author (year).Title, Journal, Volume (issue), pages Acheson, K. A. & Gall, M. D. (1997). Techniques in the clinical supervision of teachers: Preservice and in-service applications. 4th ed. NY: Longman. Andrews, R & Soder, R. (1987), Principal instructional leadership and school achievement, Educational Leadership, 44 (6), 9-20.
APA Style and Format APPENDICES Allows author to provide reader with detailed information
APA Style and Format APPENDICES Common kinds of appendices include: Mathematical proof Large table List of words A sample of questionnaire Other survey instrument Computer program
APA Style and Format References: heses,_and_Dissertations Psychological Association apers httpen.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Manual_of_Style_and_ Usage://
APA Style and Format
Format. single, unindented, double-spaced paragraph. Length. must not exceed 120 words.
APA Style and Format
Guidelines in References Journal Article Murzynski, J., & Degelman, D. (2008). Body language of women and judgments of vulnerability to sexual assault. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 26, Book Paloutzian, R. F. (2008). Invitation to the psychology of religion (2 nd ed.). Boston: Allen and Bacon.
APA Style and Format Guidelines in References Web Document on Web Site Degelman, D., & Harris, M. L. (2008). APA style essentials. Retrieved May 18, 2009, from Vanguard University, Department of Psychology Web site: Stand-alone Web document (no date) Nielsen, M.E. (n.d.). Notable people in psychology of religion. Retrieved August 3, 2007, from Stand-alone Web document (no author, no date) Gender and Society. (n.d.). Retrieved December 3, 2008, from
APA Style and Format Guidelines in References Journal article from database Hien, D., & Honeyman, T. (2000). A closer look at the drug abuse-maternal aggression link. Journal of interpersonal Violence, 15, Retrieved May 20, 2000, from ProQuest database. Abstract from secondary database Garrity, K., & Degelman, D. (2009). Effect of server introduction on restaurant tipping. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 20, Abstract retrieved July 23, 2001 from PsycINFO database.
APA Style and Format Guidelines in References Manual American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4 th ed., text revision). Washington, DC: John Lennon. Unpublished Thesis/Dissertation Carpio, D. M. (2003). Performance of productivity of the education graduates of the University of the Assumption. Unpublished Master’s Thesis: University of the Assumption, City of San Fernando.
APA Style and Format
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APA Style and Format