16.1- The War Begins Danielle Ardizzone Karoline Blacha Samantha Henry Julie LaLonde Margaret Yahiro

Americans Choose Sides Following the outbreak of war at Fort Sumter, Americans chose sides Danielle Ardizzone

Abraham Lincoln As Abraham Lincoln took office, 7 southern states succeeded In Lincoln’s inaugural address, he promised not to end slavery where it already existed “The federal government will not assail you. You can have no conflict without being yourselves the aggressors.”- Abraham Lincoln Lincoln believed that saving the Union would help to save democracy He refused to identify secession Declared the Union to be continuous He felt it was his sacred duty as President of the United States to preserve the Union at all costs. Danielle Ardizzone

The North and South Union Badly broken Hadn’t kept up with compromises Wanted slavery to end without battle South Wanted battle Enraged at the North Wanted to receive glory for power of slavery Confederate officials began seizing federal-mint branches, arsenals, and military posts. Danielle Ardizzone civil-war-history/videos/us-inches-closer-to-war

Danielle Ardizzone

Fort Sumter Danielle Federal outpost in Charleston, South Carolina Confederate forces asked for its surrender. Lincoln refused and sent ships with supplies. Confederate cannons began firing on April 12, Fort Sumter fell 34 hours later. Danielle Ardizzone

Reaction to Lincoln’s Call Samantha Henry Lincoln declared south was in rebellion Asked governors for militiamen States had to chose if they were to secede or stay in the union North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and Arkansas seceded These states provided soldiers and supplies to the south Wedged between the north and the south were the key border states of Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri – slave states did not join the confederacy People in these states were divided on the war Lincoln sent soldiers into west Virginia, where union loyalties were strong. West Virginia set up its own state government in 1863

Northern Resources Advantages Population of 22 million Network of railroads, canals, and roads Some 22,000 miles of railroad track Had lots of money for supplies More developed economy, banking system, and currency Strategy—General Winfield Scott planned to blockade southern ports and to capture Mississippi River to divide the South. Confederacy had only one-ninth the industrial capacity of the Union Karoline B.

Southern Resources The Confederacy also has many advantages Strong military Provided food and supplies for army Cotton growth and sell helped South supply weapons and other necessities Julie

Southern Advantages South’s best advantage was its strategy Knew that they needed to fight until North stopped fighting Covered in wilderness Other armies found this hard to fight in Many of rivers ran from east to west Natural defense Julie

Karoline B.

Volunteer Armies Samantha Henry At start of War the Union army had soldiers That number went up to half a million within months Virginian Thomas Weber came to fight “against invading foe who now pollute the sacred soil of my beloved native state” When Union soldiers asked a captured rebel why he was fighting he replied “I’m fighting because you’re down here”

Helping the Troops Civilians helped those in uniform. o Raised money, ran hospitals, served as nurses, sent supplies to troops. o Women sewed the uniforms. Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell organized a group pressuring Lincoln to form the U.S. Sanitary Commission in June o Was ran by clergyman Henry Bellows. o Tens of thousands of volunteers helped. o Three thousand women served as nurses. Karoline B.

Union and Confederate Soldiers Soldiers carried food, extra ammunition, & other items in haversacks Soldiers armed w/ a bayonet Stored in scabbards on their belts Soldiers also armed w/ single-shot muzzle- loading rifle Margaret Yahiro

Training the Soldiers Union & Confederate armies shortages of clothing, food, & rifles Most troops lacked uniform  wore own clothes Union- blue uniforms Confederate- gray Many did not know how to fight  learned to march, shoot, & use bayonets Including school teachers, farmers, and labors Young soldiers eager to fight Success/failure of a war depended on how well soldiers were trained Margaret Yahiro

Training the Soldiers Cont. Volunteers were expected load, aim, & fire rifles 3x in 1 min. Union provided soldiers w/ two-person tents Soldiers discarded these Confederate army used tents they captured from Union army Margaret Yahiro

Bibliography m-lincoln.html content/uploads/2012/05/lincoln_portrait.jpeg n/the-election-of-1860-and-seces civil-war-begins /?no-ist sumter-6_Picture1.jpg Danielle Ardizzone

Bibliography “United States History Beginnings to 1877” (picture) Karoline Blacha