Chapter 5 BODILY DYSFUNCTION: EATING AND SLEEPING PROBLEMS AND PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDERS

Psychological, Social and Bodily Interaction The Psychosomatic Hypothesis Current research focuses on bodily reaction to emotion- arousing stimuli or stressors. The Biopsychosocial Model Psychological factors intersect with biological vulnerabilities. Behavioral medicine and health psychology are concerned with reducing and preventing the stress of illness Stress and Illness Stress can play a role in illness. Stress-coping skills can decrease stress and risk of illness.

HEALTH IN THE U.S. About one-fourth of the adult population are 20 percent or more above desirable weight. About one-half of adults experience at least a moderate amount of stress in as 2-week period. Only 28 percent of the population is physically active. About 30 per cent of persons over 18 years of age smoke cigarettes. Half of mothers 18 to 24 years of age who are not high school graduates smoked in the year preceding the birth of their last child.

EATING DISORDERS Anorexia nervosa Obsessed with thinness Great deal of weight loss Bulimia nervosa Excessive eating followed by purging Binge eating Excessive eating without purging

ANOREXIA NERVOSA Prevalence One in 100 girls years of age Five to 7 percent of patients die within 10 years of onset Causes Personality factors Family factors Cultural factors Treatment Medication Cognitive behavioral therapy Nutritional rehabilitation

BULIMIA NERVOSA Prevalence Four to 9 percent of high school and college students Ten to 15 percent of cases are males Causes Genetic Low self-esteem Personality factors Family factors Negative mood states Treatment Antidepressant medication Cognitive behavioral therapy

DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR ANOREXIA NERVOSA

DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR BULIMIA NERVOSA

COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL FEATURES OF ANOREXIA NERVOSA AND BULIMIA NERVOSA

BULIMIC WOMEN: METHODS OF WEIGHT CONTROL

TREATMENT OF BULIMIA NERVOSA

TRIGGERS OF BINGE EATING Particular stressful situations Particular upsetting thoughts Feeling guilty Feeling socially isolated Worries about responsibilities, problems, or the future Boredom

SLEEP DISORDERS Stages of Sleep Stage 1 – Light sleep Stage 2 – Brain waves become slower, eye movements stop Stage 3 – Delta waves appear Stage 4 – Almost exclusively delta waves Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep Breathing becomes rapid and irregular Jerky eye movements Blood pressure rises Dream Occurs about every 70 to 90 minutes during a night’s sleep

SLEEP DISORDERS Narcolepsy Hypnogogic hallucinations Breathing related sleep disorders Sleep apnea Primary sleep disorders Dyssomnias Hypersomnia Insomnia Parasomnias Nightmare disorder Sleep terror disorder Sleepwalking disorder

TIPS FOR THE SLEEP DEPRIVED

PSYCHOPHYSIOLGOICAL DISORDERS Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) Angina pectoris Myocardial infarction Risk factors for CHD Stress Type A personalities Hypertension Cancer Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) Headaches Tension headaches Migraine headaches Cluster headaches Irritable Bowel Syndrome

CORONARY HEART DISEASE (CHD) RISK FACTORS Risk Factors Bodily Health habits Community life-style and cultural factors Personality Examples Age, hypertension, cholesterol, obesity, heredity Smoking, alcohol use Socioeconomic status, education Anxiety, hostility, life goals

Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) Among Type A and Type B Men

Coronary Heart Disease as Function of Spouse Hostility

Blood Pressure For Hypertensives Receiving Relaxation Training