Open Access: A Rationale for Institutional Repositories Julia E Rodriguez Educational Technology Librarian Oakland University eCornucopia 2011: The Open Digital University

At my university the concept of OPEN ACCESS is: A: Broadly understood & accepted B: Understood but not widely practiced C: Slowly being discovered D: A completely unknown concept E: Other ~ please share

What Open Access means? What Open Access means? Go Open Access - I. What is Open Access? Access? (YouTube video)

“Open-access (OA) literature is digital, online, free of charge, and free of most copyright and licensing restrictions.” Peter Suber Peter Suber Peter Suber

What Open Access means? What Open Access means? Budapest-Bethesda-Berlin definition: “free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full-texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself.” Peter Suber Open Access OverviewOpen Access Overview

Non-diluted Open Access As publishers grant wider access – don’t confuse the widening of access with open access. Free online access isn't enough. "Fair use" ("fair dealing" in the UK) isn't enough. The only constraint on reproduction and distribution, and the only role for copyright in this domain, should be to give authors control over the integrity of their work and the right to be properly acknowledged and cited. (Peter Suber Open Access Overview & SPARC Open Access Newsletter, issue #77)

At my university the individuals promoting OPEN ACCESS are? A: Research faculty B: Librarians C: Administration D: Some combination of these E: Other ~ please share

Open Access ~ Benefits  Researchers/Authors ◦Increased visibility ~means larger potential audience ◦Increased impact ~ more citations (Swam report) (Swam report) ◦Shorter publishing times ~ quicker dissemination of research  Readers/Teachers ◦Barrier-free access to important scholarly literature ◦OA literature ~ authors/copyright holders have given permission in advance for classroom/teaching uses

Open Access ~ Benefits  Institutions ◦Increased exposure for their researchers/scholars means better brand exposure & recognition ◦Free access to the important intellectual and creative works of their own scholars – typically have to buy back at very high prices

Open Access ~ Benefits  Society o The transfer of knowledge and sharing of ideas results in greater collaborations, discoveries and a better-informed populace. o Lowers the cost of research and quickens the pace of discovery.  Economic o Barrier free access has economic benefits on national & institutional level and for the research community and wider knowledge economy

My university library makes available OPEN ACCESS journals…? A: Yes, definitely B: Yes, but I'm not sure how to find them C: Gosh, I'm not sure D: Nope

Open Access ~ Discovery Google & Google Scholar -index open access journals and crawl open access repositories Your library (Serial Solutions) link resolver –choose groups of Open Access journals to be discoverable thru your catalog/database list Open Access Journal indexes – DOAJ, OAIster (via Worldcat), Open J-Gate, PLOS…DOAJ OAIster Open J-Gate, PLOS

Role of IRs Institutional Repositories are “ digital collections capturing and preserving the intellectual output of a single or multi- university community” (SPARC 2002 Position Paper- The Case for Institutional Repositories) (SPARC 2002 Position Paper- The Case for Institutional Repositories) “These repositories collect, preserve, and provide free, unrestricted online access to all types of institutional research outputs — seamlessly linking data, knowledge, and scholars.” – SPARC SPARC

My university has an OPEN ACCESS institutional repository…? A: Yes, and I've used it B: Yes, but I don't know much about it C: I'm not sure D: Unfortunately, no

Role of IRs Collections  Research journal articles, (preprints & postprints)  digital versions of theses and dissertations  academic life digital assets (administrative documents, course notes, or learning objects).  University Archives – showcase institutional heritage Purpose  provides open access to an institution’s intellectual and research output through self- archiving and using OAI.OAI  Maximizes global visibility & impact for an institution's scholarly research;  to collect content in a single location and facilitate collaboration  to store and preserve other institutional digital assets, including unpublished or otherwise easily lost ("grey") literature (e.g., theses or technical reports). (EOS – Briefing Paper Open Access institutional Repositories Wikipedia – Institutional Repositories)

Benefits of IRs More exposure – “growing body of evidence shows that as a result of being openly accessible, publications are cited more frequently.(1)”(1) Universal access – open to everyone, enhance public value of research Eliminating discover barriers- Open up to harvesters allows for increased mean of discovery Persistent access - stable URL that will never change — no more dead links Long-term preservation – commitment by libraries to ensure ongoing access. “Digital Repositories Offer Many Practical Benefits”

IRs~ Support & Discovery SHERPA Services ~ partnership of 32 HE institutions, and the British Library. SHERPA RoMEO - Publisher's copyright & archiving policies RoMEO JULIET - Research funders archiving mandates and guidelines JULIET OpenDOAR worldwide Directory of Open Access Repositories – provides search engine OpenDOAR ROAR – Registry of Open Access Repositories ROAR SHERPA Search - simple full-text search of UK repositories SHERPA Search

OA Initiatives & Policies SPARC®, the Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition SPARC®, COMPACT - The Compact for Open-Access Publishing Equity COMPACT PLoS –Public Library of Science PLoS NIH Public Access Policy - ensures public access to published results of all NIH funded research upon acceptance for publication papers must be accessible in PubMed Central no later than 12 months after publication. NIH Public Access Policy

OA Initiatives & Policies Mandatory-vs-voluntary IR deposit policies ROARMAP: Registry of Open Access Repository Material Archiving Policies ROARMAP: Registry of Open Access Repository Material Archiving Policies Majority of institutions with university- wide mandates are non-US or very small liberal arts colleges. Wide array of sub- mandates, or thesis mandates. Self archiving has proven to be a challenge

Show –n- Tell & Discussion Repository66.org Repository Maps There are 28,624,986 items held in the 1935 repositories on the repository map.

Show –n- Tell & Discussion

Extra – Preservation Discussion Institutional Repositories: Essential Infrastructure For Scholarship In The Digital Age Clifford A. Lynch In my view, a university-based institutional repository is a set of services that a university offers to the members of its community for the management and dissemination of digital materials created by the institution and its community members. It is most essentially an organizational commitment to the stewardship of these digital materials, including long-term preservation where appropriate, as well as organization and access or distribution. While operational responsibility for these services may reasonably be situated in different organizational units at different universities, an effective institutional repository of necessity represents a collaboration among librarians, information technologists, archives and records managers, faculty, and university administrators and policymakers. At any given point in time, an institutional repository will be supported by a set of information technologies, but a key part of the services that comprise an institutional repository is the management of technological changes, and the migration of digital content from one set of technologies to the next as part of the organizational commitment to providing repository services. An institutional repository is not simply a fixed set of software and hardware.

Bibliography Crow, R, (2002). The Case for Institutional Repositories: A SPARC Position Paper. Retrieved from EnablingOpenScholarship (n.d.). A Briefing Paper Open Access institutional Repositories. Retrieved from Hitchcock, S. (2011) The effect of open access and downloads ('hits') on citation impact: a bibliography of studies. The Open Citation Project - Reference Linking and Citation Analysis for Open Archives. retrieved from Institutional Repository. (2011, April 20). In Wikipedia. Retrieved May , from SPARC (2004).Open Access (brochure for Researchers). Retrieved from SPARC (n.d.). Digital Repositories Offer Many Practical Benefits. Retrieved from Suber, P. (September 2, 2004). Praising progress, preserving precision. SPARC Open Access Newsletter, Issue 77. Retrieved from Suber, P. (2010). Open Access Overview: Focusing on open access to peer-reviewed research articles and their preprints. Retrieved from Swan, A. (n.d.). Open Access Scholarly Information Sourcebook Open Access: A Briefing Paper. Retrieved from Swan, A. (2010) The Open Access citation advantage: Studies and results to date. Technical Report, School of Electronics & Computer Science, University of Southampton. Retrieved from Additional links: COMPACT - The Compact for Open-Access Publishing Equity NIH Public Access Policy PLoS –Public Library of Science Repository66.org Repository Maps SHERPA - SPARC®, the Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition