Femtocells Technology Government Polytechnic, Nashik Femtocells Technology Guided By: Mr.M.V.Patil sir Name : Moharir Saurabh Bhanudas Roll No:127162 Department : Electronics and Telecommunication Class: Third Year (First Shift)

Contents Introduction : Concept Need for Femtocells Features Evolution of Femtocells Overview and types Architecture Operation Benefits and Challenges Advantages & Disadvantages Comparison with Wi-Fi Applications Future of Femtocells and Industrial activities Conclusion References

Introduction :Concept ‘Femto’ means 10 to the power of -15. Femto = 10^-15 Cell means area or region covered by the base station. Femtocells are low-power wireless access points that operate in licensed spectrum to connect standard mobile devices to a mobile operator’s network using residential DSL or cable broadband connections” A femtocell is, basically, a miniature cell phone tower that anyone can use to boost their wireless signal in their home. Fig.FAP (Femto access point)

Need for Femtocells Macro cell cannot provide good signal strength for indoor coverage Higher data rate– Femtocells can enable higher capacity Reduce the power on the macrocells 2G 3G 4G As throughput demand and usage increases, cell size decreases

Features of Femtocells Operates in the licensed spectrum Uses fixed broadband connection for backhaul Principally intended for home and enterprise Lower cost of call rates Smaller coverage Smaller number of subscribers Higher density Connects users with cellular providers via broadband internet links instead of telephony network

Evolution of Femtocells: In 2002, the first femtocell was developed by Motorola at Swindon, England. In 2004, Ubiquisys and 3 way networks were formed in U.K. to address femtocells. 2007 – Femtoforum was established. August 2008 – Commercial service was started in US by sprint. January 2009- Softbank Japan announced launch of 3G femtocells. June 2009- Vodafone UK launched their Access Gateway. February 2012- Femtoforum was renamed as Smallcellforum

Overview How it actually looks ?

Overview How it looks from behind ?

Fig. Types of Femtocells. Residential Femtocells Enterprise Femtocells Metro Femtocells Fig. Types of Femtocells.

Architecture of Femtocells What it consists of ? Fig. Block Diagram of Femtocell (FAP)

Architecture of Femtocells Network architecture of Femtocells : Femtocell Access Point (FAP) Security Gateway (SeGW) Femtocell Device Management System (FMS)

Operation: operating modes Open Access: All users are allowed to connect to the FAP Hotspot type scenario: coffee shop or airport Femtocell becomes another part of the public mobile network Improves capacity, but increases handovers Closed Access: Only authorized users are allowed to connect to a privately accessible Femto-AP Home or enterprise environments Emergency calls bypass access restrictions Hybrid Access: Nonsubscribers use only a limited amount of the femtocell resources

Operation: usage model Easy plug and play setup by the user Purchase and Registration Plug in power and backhaul connectivity Auto configuration of initial parameters Uplink, downlink frequency, Cell ID, Location, Routing and service area codes, Initial pilot, maximum transmit power based on target range Location check Ongoing self-optimization How it actually works?

Benefits of femtocells: For Operators: Low cost solution Improve reliability Increases both coverage and capacity Reduce Macrocell backhaul capacity requirements Works with all existing handsets no need for expensive subsidizes on dual- mode (3G + Wi-Fi) Increases 3G adoption For Consumers: Reduced cost (Free calls at home!) No need for expensive new device. Superior indoor coverage and quality without change in phones. Simplicity: One phone One mode One number.

Challenges against femtocells: A)Interference: 1) cross-layer : femto-macro interference Fig.(a) 2) co-layer : femto-femto interference. Fig.(b) Interference can be avoided by using some exclusive rights offered for licensed spectrum. B)Emergency calls: Femtocell supports emergency calls but not during power failure. Femtocell Macrocell Fig.(a) Femtocell Femtocell Fig.(b) C)Health: Femtocells are low power devices thus transmits less radiation as compared to other access points. D) Security: Femtocells can be made more secure by using IPSec standard.

Advantages & Disadvantages: Standalone or integrated femtocells Low power but high quality Secure and self- managing Doesn't require special phones Emergency Services Support Fixed Mobile Convergence Disadvantages : Expensive. Reduction in call quality/ internet browsing if huge files are being downloaded from the internet simultaneously. Not all cellular operators are on IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), which might become the interface for Femtocells. Troubleshooting may become an issue in case of network failure.

WiFi vs. FAP(Femtocell) Parameter WiFi FAP(Femtocell) Data Range Capabilities 11 and 54 Mbps 7.2 – 14.4 Mbps Operating Frequency 2.4 and 5 GHz 1.9 – 2.6 GHz Power Output 100, 200 mW 10, 100 mW Range 100 – 200 m 20 -30 m Services Provided Voice & Data Fig. General WiFi Femtocell specifications .

WiFi vs. FAP(Femtocell) Plus Point (+) Minus Point (-) Wi-Fi FAP(Femtocell) 1)IT WORKS IN UNLICENCED SPECTRUM. 1)IT WORKS IN ONLY LICENCED 2)IT CONSUMES MORE POWER. 2)IT CONSUMES LESS POWER. 3)LOW LEVEL OF QUALITY OF SERVICE. 3)COMPARITIVELY,HIGH LEVEL OF QUALITY OF SERVICE. 4)CHEAP. 4)EXPENSIVE. 5)COMPARITIVELY LARGER COVERAGE AREA. 5)SMALLER COVERAGE AREA. 6)SUFFERS MORE WITH OBSTACLES AND DISTANCE. 6)SUFFERS LESS WITH 7)USES SIMPLE PROCESS FOR ACESSING TO INTERNET. 7)USES COMPLEX PROCESS TO ACCESS INTERNET. 8)MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO DATA LOSS DURING LARGE FILE TRANSFER. 8)LESS SUSCEPTIBLE TO DATA 3-5 RESULT:

Applications: Free Calls (or at cheaper rates) at home ! Useful in underground places like tunnels, subways, underground metro railway stations etc. Receive a SMS to indicate when someone enters or leaves the home. A virtual number to reach all the people currently in the home. Automatically downloads multimedia content from mobile home Server and from home Server to mobile Use the mobile phone to control other devices (TV, AC) Home Security Video Door Bell

Future of Femtocells: Operators view By 2012, there will be 36 million shipments with an installed base of 70 million femtocell serving 150 million users. Time

Industrial activities: Femto Forum (70 members) Founded in 2007 to promote femtocell deployment Members include mobile operators, telecom hardware, software vendors, content providers, startups Industrial partnerships with 3GPP, 3GPP2, GSM Associates.

Conclusion: Femtocell technology is still nascent technology and it is in it’s infancy. Thus, it will take some time to develop femtocells and to make it popular. Femtocells are on a road to nowhere. Unsatisfactory coverage and the increasing number of high-data-rate application are two driving forces for femtocell development. Potential to provide high quality network access. Number of hardware evolutions will probably be needed before form factor, usability and quality of service are adequate.

References: Research Papers: [1] Monty Barlow, Dharmendra Lad, Dr. Tom Wright. “Femtocell Technology: Opportunities for SDR” proceedings of Cambridge Consultant’s Journal, Cambridge, UK, August 2011, PP 22-27. [2] Chandrasekhar V, Andrews J, Gatherer A; “Femtocell networks: a survey” proceedings of IEEE Communications Magazine, The University of Texas at Austin, Volume 46, 2008.PP 156-162. [3] Seong-Hoon Moon, “Analysis of Femtocell: Opportunities and Challenges, IEEE Communications and Networks Magazine,Yonsei University, June 2011, PP 221-229. [4] Ronny Yongho Kim, Jin Sam Kwak, Kamran Etemad,“ WiMAX Femtocell:Requirements, Challenges, and Solutions”, IEEE Communications Magazine, Seoul, Korea, September 2009, PP 84-85. Weblinks : [5] http://www.smallcellforum.org/aboutsmallcells-applications-small-cell-applications [6] https://sites.google.com/site/eeg473femtocellproject/femtocell-and-health [7] http://searchtelecom.techtarget.com/definition/femtocell [8] http://www.thinksmallcell.com/Security/femtocell-security-capturing-phone-numbers-of-passers- by.html [9] http://www.dialaphone.co.uk/blog/2008/03/04/a-beginners-guide-to-femtocell-technology/ [10] http://www.wirelessweek.com/articles/2010/02/femtocell-vs-wi-fi-data-offloading-indoor- coverage [11] http://www.airvana.com/products/management-systems/femtocell-service-manager/ [12] http://www.wilson-street.com/2010/10/femtocell-applications-need-a-common-interface/ [13] http://www.ukessays.com/essays/computerscience/understanding-the-evolution-of-femtocell- applications-computer-science-essay.php [14] http://www.visionmobile.com/blog/2007/12/do-we-really-need-femto-cells/ [15]http://www.smallcellsworldsummit.com/page.cfm/Link=9/t=m/goSection=3_54

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