Hydrocarbons Part 2 Nat
What type of carbon to carbon bonds are present in the alkanes and the cycloalkanes Single - saturated
What type of carbon to carbon bond is present in the alkenes C=C unsaturated
Describe the chemical test to distinguish an unsaturated alkene from a saturated alkane/cycloalkane. Unsaturated hydrocarbons (alkenes) decolourise bromine
ADDITION Name the type of reaction which takes place when an unsaturated alkene reacts with bromine, hydrogen or water
Name the product of the reaction between butene and hydrogen BUTANE
Name the type of chemical reaction taking place. C 5 H 10 + Br 2 C 5 H 10 Br 2 Addition
What is meant by cracking? Breaking large hydrocarbons into smaller, more useful ones.
Apart from speeding up the reaction suggest another reason why a catalyst is used in cracking. Lower temperatures are used
Name the new homologous series produced by cracking long chain hydrocarbons. Alkenes
Name the method of producing ethanol from glucose. Fermentation
What is used as a catalyst in fermentation? An enzyme in yeast
Why is there a limit to the alcohol concentration produced by fermentation? The alcohol kills the yeast.
Name the process used to increase the ethanol concentration in ‘spirit’ drinks. Distillation
Name the method of producing industrial ethanol. Hydration of ethene - adding water onto ethene C 2 H 4 + H 2 O C 2 H 5 OH
What can ethanol be mixed with to provide a fuel for cars? Petrol
Which plant is ethanol obtained from for use as a source of energy? Sugar cane
Is ethanol an renewable or non- renewable source of energy? RENEWABLE
Name the type of chemical reaction which takes place when esters are formed. Condensation
Name the two different types of compounds which react together to form a ester. An alcohol and a carboxylic acid.
Name the type of chemical reaction which is taking place. H C C C C H H O OH H H H H HO C C H H H H H H C C C C H H O O H H H H C C H H H H H + H 2 O CONDENSATION
Name the ester produced from methanol and propanoic acid Methyl propanoate Ethanol and methanoic acid ethyl methanoate
Name the type of chemical reaction which takes when an ester is broken down into its parent acid and alcohol. HYDROLYSIS
Name the alcohol and carboxylic acid produced when ethyl butanoate is hydrolysis. Ethanol and butanoic acid H C C C C H H O O H H H H C C H H H H H