Light and Telescopes

Imagine that you throw a ball directly upward Imagine that you throw a ball directly upward. Which of the following statements best describes how Newton’s second law accounts for the motion of the ball when it reaches its maximum height? The ball has a velocity that is zero and an acceleration that is zero. The ball has a velocity that is upward and an acceleration that is downward. The ball has a net force that is downward and a velocity that is downward. The ball has a net force that is downward and an acceleration of zero. The ball has a net force that is downward and an acceleration that is downward.

Light and Telescopes Did you get the Newton’s Laws and Gravitation Tutorial handout? Did you get the practice ranking tasks on gravity?

A Telescopes is a tool used to gather light from objects in the universe

Tool Websters: Tool- something (as an instrument or apparatus) used in performing an operation or necessary in the practice of a vocation or profession From the “Learn while Cold Chillin’!” Slang Flashcards: Tool -

There are two different types of telescopes A refracting telescope uses a glass lens to concentrate incoming light A reflecting telescope uses mirrors to concentrate incoming starlight

A refracting telescope uses a lens to concentrate incoming light

Reflecting telescopes use mirrors to concentrate incoming starlight

Three main functions of a telescope Most important!! Gather More Light – (bigger Is better) making objects appear brighter followed by to see fine detail (called resolution) and least important, magnify magnification = (objective lens focal length / eyepiece lens focal length)

A larger objective lens provides a brighter (not bigger) image

If you pass white light through a prism, it separates into its component colors. long wavelengths ROY G B I V short wavelengths spectrum

But visible light is only one type of electromagnetic radiation (light) emitted by stars Astronomers are truly interested in the entire spectrum of Light!

Consider This Class as Seen in Different Wavelengths of Light!

Consider Orion as Seen in Different Wavelengths of Light!

Observations at other wavelengths are revealing previously invisible sights UV infrared Map of Orion region Ordinary visible

Hubble Space Telescope Views of Orion Nebula showing stars hidden in clouds http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/pr/97/13/A.html

TODAY’S Sun as seen in visible light from Earth and from space in X-rays by satellites http://solar.physics.montana.edu/tslater/real-time/

Radio wavelength observations are possible from Earth’s surface

The Very Large Array (VLA) in New Mexico

Differences in the temperature and density of small portions of Earth’s atmosphere cause passing starlight to quickly change direction, making stars appear to twinkle.

Earth’s atmosphere hinders astronomical research Image of stars taken with a telescope on the Earth’s surface Same picture taken with Hubble Space Telescope high above Earth’s blurring atmosphere

High above Earth’s atmosphere, the Hubble Space Telescope provides stunning details about the universe

But visible light is only one type of electromagnetic radiation (light) emitted by stars Astronomers are truly interested in the entire spectrum of Light!

Astronomers use different instruments to look at light of different wavelengths - sometimes, we even have to go above Earth’s atmosphere.

Not all EM radiation can penetrate Earth’s atmosphere.

Tutorial: Telescopes and Earth’s Atmosphere pg. 43 Work with a partner! Read the instructions and questions carefully. Discuss the concepts and your answers with one another. Take time to understand it now!!!! Come to a consensus answer you both agree on. If you get stuck or are not sure of your answer, ask another group.

Which is the correct reasoning for why a gamma ray telescope located in Antarctica that is to be used to look for evidence of black holes in the centers of galaxies would not get funded? There is no way to detect the presence of a black hole. Gamma rays are too energetic to detect with a telescope. You can’t build a functioning telescope in Antarctica. Gamma rays don’t penetrate Earth’s atmosphere.

Imagine you’re the head of a funding agency that can afford to build only one telescope. Which of the three proposed telescopes below would be best to support? A gamma ray telescope in Antarctica A radio telescope in orbit above the Earth A visible telescope located high on a mountain in Peru An ultraviolet telescope located in the Mojave desert