Ecology Basics Cell Miracles! Membranes To breathe…or Not to Breathe Cell History and Microscopes

These special types of “climbing devices” have been installed to help salmon migrate upstream. 100 What are fish ladders Continue

200 The loss of a single species may cause a ripple effect felt across an entire ecosystem. This “kind” of species is called a _____________species because it has an unusually large effect on its ecosystem. What is keystone Continue

300 This is any type of change that can make an organism better suited for its environment. What is an adaptation Continue

400 Organisms that make their own food are autotrophs, but these are organisms that eat autotrophs (directly or indirectly) What are heterotrophs Continue

500 In population ecology, this describes the maximum number of individuals that a stable environment can support indefinitely. What is carrying capacity Continue

600 Some tiny prokaryotes (bacteria) have been found that make their own food without sunlight. _______________is the process by which an organism makes food using chemicals (rather than light) as an energy source. What is chemosynthesis Continue

700 In a particular food chain, grass is eaten by rabbits that are eaten by owls. In this food chain, the grass is the producer and the rabbit is the _____________consumer Continue What is primary or first order

_________: organisms that eat only plants. 2. ___________: organisms that eat only animals. 3. _____________: organisms that break down organic matter into simpler compounds What is 1)herbivores, 2)carnivores, 3) decomposers Continue

900 The principle of ______________ _______________ states that when two species are competing for the same resources, one species will be better suited to the niche, and the other species will be pushed into another niche or become extinct. What is competitive exclusion Continue

1000 These are 2 examples of A)abiotic factors in an ecosystem and 2 examples of B)biotic factors in an ecosystem. What are A)air, water, energy, minerals, etc. and B) anything living Continue

100 What is the microscope Continue We always begin examining microscope slides with this objective lens in place

200 This category of cells has a definite nucleus and organelles. What are eukaryotes Continue

300 A bacteria cell is _____________, since it has no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles What is prokaryotic Continue

400 “This” microscope part regulates the amount of light on a standard microscope. What is the diaphragm Continue

500 The ocular lens of a microscope has a magnification of 10X and the objective lens has a magnification of 40X. The total magnification is…. What is 400X Continue

600 In the microscope lab, this is the most notable difference between the onion epidermis cells and the Elodea leaf cells What are chloroplasts (elodea have them and onion do not) Continue

700 This is the highest magnification a scope could have (with an eyepiece at 10X, a low power objective at 10X and a high power objective at 50X) What is 500X (10x50) Continue

800 The Cell Theory states that 1)All organisms are made of __________, 2)All existing cells are produced by other living ___________, and 3)The ____________is the most basic unit of life. What is 1)cell, 2)cell, 3)cell Continue

900 This “type” of microscope with a light source shining from a)above, b)beneath or c)both gave us the chance to see our pond water sample in “3-D”. What is a binocular stereoscope. Continue

1000 Within a membrane, a cell is filled with a “jellylike substance” called a)______________ that contains dissolved molecular building blocks. In some cells, this “jelly- like” substance also contains b)____________, structures specialized to perform distinct jobs in the cell. What are a)cytoplasm, b)organelles Continue

100 This is a long whip-like tail used for cellular locomotion. What is a flagella Continue

200 This is a major difference between rough and smooth E.R. (endoplasmic reticulum) What is Rough E.R. is studded with ribosomes, and smooth E.R. is not Continue

300 This is the organelle used in photosynthesis ; it helps to convert the sun’s energy into food. What is a chloroplast Continue

400 This is the cell organelle that helps to make the proteins that carry out endless jobs in our bodies What is a ribosome Continue

500 The process of moving molecules out of a cell What is exocytosis Continue

600 These are the cells recycling centers: they contain digestive enzymes to digest damaged or foreign material What are lysosomes Continue

700 List three things that all cells have in common What are a) cell membrane, b)ribosomes, c)genetic material, d) cytoplasm, etc. Continue

800 This organelle packages, processes and ships proteins and fats; it also functions in producing lysosomes Who is the Golgi Apparatus Continue

900 Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain a small amount of this genetic material…it allows them to direct the production of some of their own proteins What is DNA Continue

1000 V Words! A ____________is a fluid filled sac used for storage of material by the cell whereas a _____________ is a general name describing small membrane-bound sacs that transport materials from place to place. What are a)vacuoles and b)vesicles Continue

100 A membrane is said to be “this” if it allows only certain molecules to pass. What is selectively or semi-permeable Continue

200 This is the current cell membrane “model” describing a cell’s texture and appearance What is the Fluid Mosaic Model Continue

300 Movement of molecules across a cell membrane that does not require energy input from the cell. What is passive transport Continue

400 What is osmosis Continue This is the process by which water travels from areas of higher to lower concentration across a membrane

500 ___________transport drives molecules across a membrane from a region of low concentration to high concentration with the input of energy. What is Active Continue

600 A type of endocytosis in which the cell membrane “engulfs” large particles to bring them into a cell. What is phagocytosis Continue

700 If one of the high energy, unstable phosphate bonds “breaks” from adenosine triphosphate (ATP), energy is released, and “this” molecule is produced. What is ADP (adenosine diphosphate) Continue

800 When a cell (90% water and 10% salt) is placed into an environment that is 92% water and 8% salt, the cell will likely do “this”. What is water moves in and might make the cell increase size and possibly explode. Continue

900 When concentrations of substances on either side of a membrane are the same, the system is said to be in _________________. What is equilibrium and/or both sides of the membrane are isotonic to each other. Continue

1000 Elephants are larger than mice, right? This is the reason why an elephant’s cells are not much larger than a mouse’s cells. What is cell surface area to volume ratios Continue

100 This is the color of Bromothymol blue with a large amount of carbon dioxide is present. What is yellow Continue

200 These are the products of cellular respiration. What are CO 2 and H 2 O (and Energy) Continue

300 These are the requirements for photosynthesis. What is energy, water, carbon dioxide Continue

400 The primary photosynthetic pigment found in the chloroplast. (Its electrons are excited by the sun’s energy). What is chlorophyll (a) Continue

500 Chlorophyll reflects these colors (or wavelengths of light) most of all. What are green/yellow. Continue

600 This pigment is a major contributor to a carrot’s orange color. What is a carotenoid Continue

700 According to our snail/elodea lab results, the following hypothesis would be (supported / not supported / refuted) Elodea takes in CO2 that the snail breathes out (in the light) What is supported Continue

800 The ___________ _____________ reactions use energy from the light-dependent reactions to make sugars. What is light-independent Continue

900 This is an example of an electron carrier in photosynthesis or respiration What is NADP or NAD or FAD Continue

1000 These are two factors that affect photosynthesis What are light intensity and temperature Continue