S IGMUND F REUD By: Melanie Perkins

B ACKGROUND Freud attended the University of Vienna. Founder of psychoanalysis In 1886 he opened a private practice specializing in nervous and brain disorders. He practiced hypnotism and gave that up when he discovered using free association. He died in 1939 by physician-assisted suicide he requested. He was not able to tolerate the pain from mouth cancer. He smoked and was a chronic user of cocaine.

T HEORY OF P SYCHOSEXUAL D EVELOPMENT He understood “sexual desire” as terms of formative drives. Established a rigid model the normal sexual development. The ages he gives are very rough approximates due to individuals develop differently. Age 0-2 is when development of all desires were oriented to the lips and mouth (oral phase). Food Milk Anything the hands can get a hold of. Continued………………

Sadistic-anal Phase Age 2-4 is when development of all desires were the sadistic-anal phase. The split between active and passive impulses. A child’s pleasure in defecation is connected to the pleasure in creating something of their own. (For a women is later transferred to child bearing). Continued……………

Phallic Phase Age 4-7 is when development of all desires were the child becomes fascinated with urinating, which is pleasurable. Latency Period Age 7-12 is when development of all desires were freed from the parents. Love others Continued…………………..

Genital Phase From 13 yrs. onward is the final genital phase. Desire members of the opposite sex and fulfill the instinct to procreate and ensure the survival of the human race.

T HEORY OF THE UNCONSCIOUS We are born with our i.d. The i.d. thinks of it’s own satisfaction. When hungry the i.d. wants food so, the child cries. No care for time, doesn’t matter what the parent is doing. Continued……………….

Ego Based on the reality principle. The job of the ego is to meet the needs of the i.d. while taking into consideration the reality of the situation. Superego (conscience) By the age 5 or end of phallic stage Moral part of us, develops due to the moral and ethical restraints placed on us by our caregiver.

T HEORY OF R EPRESSION Repressed memory caused by traumatic events Affects the conscious thought, desire and action. The memory maybe forgotten but not forgiven. May cause psychological and physical problems from bulimia to insomnia to suicide. The mind automatically banishes traumatic events from the memory to prevent anxiety. This may cause “neurosis” which could be cured if the memories were brought to the surface.

T HEORY OF N EUROSES Neurosis is the formation of behavioral or psychosomatic symptoms as a result of the return of the repressed. Neurotic that needs treatment is when it prevents enjoyment and active achievement in life. Psychosis is when a person has lost touch with reality. A person only falls ill of a neurosis if the ego has lost the capacity to allocate his libido in some way.

T HEORY OF TRANSFERENCE AND T RAUMA Psychoanalytical talking must pass through the transference by transferring earlier psychosexual conflicts onto the relationship between therapist and patient. The conflict is re-enacted to bring it to the conscious. The therapist guides the patient to a healthy solution to the original conflict leading to the removal of the symptom.