Socialization “The process by which people learn, and take into themselves, culture and social structure.”

Two Competing Views of Socialization Sigmund Freud ( ): Psychoanalysis ▫Theory of how the self is formed (and deformed) ▫And a method for helping self come to terms with society Three Elements of Self ▫Id  Instinctual drives; pleasure principle

Two Competing Views of Socialization ▫Superego: culture, internalized ▫Ego: "referee" between id and superego Developmental Stages ▫Oral ▫Anal ▫"Phallic" Criticisms ▫unrepresentative "sample"  cannot be generalized ▫vastly oversimplifies

Two Competing Views of Socialization George Herbert Mead ( ) ▫self emerges through a process of symbolic interaction “action”: ▫"behavior directed by the meanings people attach to their behavior and to the situation” Interaction: ▫"behavior among two or more persons guided by mutual understandings of meaning" ▫understandings occur through symbols

Two Competing Views of Socialization Stages of Symbolic Interaction play ▫Experimentation with a role ▫“Taking on the attitude of significant others” ▫ (Babies) game ▫Purposeful activity among related roles ▫“Taking on the attitude of the generalized other.”