Govt. of Tamilnadu Department of School Education Bridge Course Class IX - History

HISTORY

TIPPU SULTAN Introduction Wars Leadership,policy and innovations Religious policies

Introduction 1750 – 1799 Tiger of Mysore son of Hyder Ali & Fatima or Fakhr-un-nissa Tipu Sultan was born at Devanahalli, in present-day Bangalore District.

First Anglo-Maratha War 1775–1779 Battle of pollilur First Mysore War 1766 Second Mysore War 1779 Treaty of Manglore 1784

Leadership, policy, & innovations New calendar New coinage seven new government departments military innovations(rocketry)

7 Government Departments Coinage and calendar Weights and measures Banking and finance Revenue and judiciary Army and navy Morals and manners social ethos and cultural affairs

Rocketry system first used in Srirangapatna war 1792 Spears-(steel or bamboo) Chambers in Cast iron with nozzle and igniters To attack enemy cavalry and soldiers

Religious policies Tipu Sultan was a secular ruler Had positive inter-community relations Never faced any problems in establishing the legitimacy of his rule Englishmen were prejudiced against him

Gupta’s Empire Origin of the Guptas Chandragupta-I Military organization Gupta administration Legacy of the Gupta Empire

Origin of the Guptas Guptas belongs to Vaishya The most likely time for the reign of Sri Gupta is c. 240–280 CESri Gupta Maharaja Sri-Gupta, who built a temple for Chinese pilgrims near Mi-li-kia-si-kia-po- no(Mrigasikhavana)Maharaja Sri-Gupta

Chandragupta-I Ghatotkacha (reigned c. 280–319 CE), had a son named Chandragupta(reigned c CE) GhatotkachaChandragupta Chandragupta was married to Kumaradevi, a Lichchhavi princessLichchhavi With a dowry of the kingdom of Magadha (capital Pataliputra) and an alliance with the Lichchhavis, Chandragupta set about expanding his power, conquering much of Magadha,Prayaga and Saketa. PataliputraPrayagaSaketa He established a realm stretching from the Ganges River to PrayagaGanges River

Military organization The Guptas seem to have relied heavily on infantry archers Archers were frequently protected by infantry equipped with shields, javelins, and longswords. The Guptas also had knowledge of siegecraft, catapults, and other sophisticated war machines. The Guptas also maintained a navy, allowing them to control regional waters

Gupta administration There was a hierarchy of administrative divisions from top to bottom. Empire was called by various names such as Rajya, Rashtra, Desha,Mandala, Prithvi and Avani It was divided in to 26 provinces Fourrepresentatives Nagarasreshesthi, Sarthavaha, Prathamakulika and Prathama Kayastha

Legacy of the Gupta Empire Scholars of this period include VarahamihiraVarahamihira and AryabhataAryabhata Kalidasa, who was a great playwright The Gupta Empire is considered by many scholars to be the "classical age" of Hindu and Buddhist art and literature Chess is said to have originated in this period "four divisions [of the military]" infantry, cavalry, elephants, and chariotry – represented by the pieces that would evolve into the modern pawn, knight, bishop, and rook, respectively.

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