Copyright 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing by Longman Publishers Guide to College Reading, 8/e Kathleen T. McWhorter Chapter 11 Organizing and Remembering Information PowerPoint by Gretchen Starks-Martin St. Cloud State University, MN

Copyright 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing by Longman Publishers THIS CHAPTER WILL SHOW YOU HOW TO: 1. Highlight and mark important information in textbook chapters 2. Outline information to show its organization 3. Draw maps to organize information 4. Summarize ideas for review purposes 5. Review for maximum retention 1. Highlight and mark important information in textbook chapters 2. Outline information to show its organization 3. Draw maps to organize information 4. Summarize ideas for review purposes 5. Review for maximum retention

Copyright 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing by Longman Publishers Common Methods of Organizing Textbook Materials 1. Highlighting 2. Marking 3. Outlining 4. Mapping 5. Summarizing 1. Highlighting 2. Marking 3. Outlining 4. Mapping 5. Summarizing

Copyright 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing by Longman Publishers HIGHLIGHTING 1. Read a paragraph or section first. 2. Highlight important sections of the topic sentence. 3. Be accurate, reflecting the content of the passage. 4. Use a system for highlighting. Use different color markers to distinguish between the main idea and supporting details. 5. Highlight as few words as possible in a sentence. 6. Use headings to guide highlighting. 1. Read a paragraph or section first. 2. Highlight important sections of the topic sentence. 3. Be accurate, reflecting the content of the passage. 4. Use a system for highlighting. Use different color markers to distinguish between the main idea and supporting details. 5. Highlight as few words as possible in a sentence. 6. Use headings to guide highlighting.

Copyright 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing by Longman Publishers Highlighting The Right Amount 1. If you highlight too little, you miss valuable information, and your review of the material will be incomplete. 2. If you highlight too much, you are not identifying the most important ideas. The more you highlight, the more you will have to reread when studying. 3. Highlight no more than 20 to 30 percent of the material. 1. If you highlight too little, you miss valuable information, and your review of the material will be incomplete. 2. If you highlight too much, you are not identifying the most important ideas. The more you highlight, the more you will have to reread when studying. 3. Highlight no more than 20 to 30 percent of the material.

Copyright 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing by Longman Publishers Testing Your Highlighting Does the highlighting tell what the passage is about? Does it make sense? Does it indicate the most important idea in the passage? Does the highlighting tell what the passage is about? Does it make sense? Does it indicate the most important idea in the passage?

Copyright 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing by Longman Publishers MARKING 1. Circle words you do not know. 2. Mark definitions with an asterisk. 3. Write summary words/phrases in the margin. 4. Number lists of ideas, causes, and reasons. 5. Place brackets around important passages. 6. Draw arrows or diagrams to show relationships. 7. Make notes to yourself, (e.g, good text question). 8. Put question marks next to confusing passages or when you want more information. 1. Circle words you do not know. 2. Mark definitions with an asterisk. 3. Write summary words/phrases in the margin. 4. Number lists of ideas, causes, and reasons. 5. Place brackets around important passages. 6. Draw arrows or diagrams to show relationships. 7. Make notes to yourself, (e.g, good text question). 8. Put question marks next to confusing passages or when you want more information.

Copyright 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing by Longman Publishers OUTLINING 1. Don’t be overly concerned with following the outline format exactly. 2. Write words and phrases rather than complete sentences. 3. Use your own words. 4. Do not write too much. 5. Pay attention to headings. 1. Don’t be overly concerned with following the outline format exactly. 2. Write words and phrases rather than complete sentences. 3. Use your own words. 4. Do not write too much. 5. Pay attention to headings.

Copyright 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing by Longman Publishers How to Outline I. First major idea A.First supporting detail 1. Detail 2. Detail B.Second Supporting detail 1. Detail a. Minor detail or example b. Minor detail or example II. Second major idea A. First supporting idea

Copyright 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing by Longman Publishers MAPPING: How to Draw Maps 1. Identify the topic or subject and write it in the center or top of page. 2. Identify major supporting information and connect it to the topic with lines. 3. Attach details by drawing branching lines to the major supporting information. 1. Identify the topic or subject and write it in the center or top of page. 2. Identify major supporting information and connect it to the topic with lines. 3. Attach details by drawing branching lines to the major supporting information.

Copyright 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing by Longman Publishers Drawing Maps Sample map: Understanding Paragraphs General & Specific Ideas General & Specific Ideas Finding the Main Idea Finding the Main Idea Identifying the Topic Identifying the Topic

Copyright 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing by Longman Publishers SUMMARIZE When... Answering an essay question Reviewing a film or videotape Writing a term paper Recording results of a laboratory experiment or demonstration Summarizing the plot of a short story Reviewing large amounts of information Answering an essay question Reviewing a film or videotape Writing a term paper Recording results of a laboratory experiment or demonstration Summarizing the plot of a short story Reviewing large amounts of information

Copyright 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing by Longman Publishers How to Write a Summary 1. Write a brief outline of the material or underline each major idea. 2. Write one sentence that states the writer’s overall concern or most important idea. 3. Use your own words. 4. Review the major supporting information that the author gives to explain the major ideas. 5. Decide on the level of detail needed. 1. Write a brief outline of the material or underline each major idea. 2. Write one sentence that states the writer’s overall concern or most important idea. 3. Use your own words. 4. Review the major supporting information that the author gives to explain the major ideas. 5. Decide on the level of detail needed.

Copyright 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing by Longman Publishers How to Write a Summary 6. Present ideas in the summary in the same order in which they appeared in the text. 7. For other than textbook material, if the writer presents a clear opinion or expresses an attitude toward the subject matter, include it in your summary. 8. Do not concentrate on correctness when writing summaries for your own use. 6. Present ideas in the summary in the same order in which they appeared in the text. 7. For other than textbook material, if the writer presents a clear opinion or expresses an attitude toward the subject matter, include it in your summary. 8. Do not concentrate on correctness when writing summaries for your own use.

Copyright 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing by Longman Publishers IMMEDIATE AND PERIODIC REVIEW Immediate Review –Reread chapter:  graphic material  introduction  headings  summary  underlining  marginal notes Immediate Review –Reread chapter:  graphic material  introduction  headings  summary  underlining  marginal notes Periodic Review –Review material on a regular basis.  Review underlining  Look at sections that carry basic meaning  review outlining  review summaries Periodic Review –Review material on a regular basis.  Review underlining  Look at sections that carry basic meaning  review outlining  review summaries

Copyright 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing by Longman Publishers LEARNING STYLE TIPS Creative Learner: Brainstorming before and after each assignment to discover new ways to tie the material together. Pragmatic Learner: Creating, writing, and answering review questions; preparing and taking self-tests. Are you creative or pragmatic?

Copyright 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing by Longman Publishers SELF-TEST SUMMARY There is so much information in textbooks. How can you organize it if you: 1. Highlight 2. Mark 3. Outline 4. Map 5. Summarize There is so much information in textbooks. How can you organize it if you: 1. Highlight 2. Mark 3. Outline 4. Map 5. Summarize

Copyright 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing by Longman Publishers Visit the Companion Website For additional readings, exercises, and Internet activities, visit this book’s Companion Website at: For additional readings, exercises, and Internet activities, visit this book’s Companion Website at: If you need a user name or password, see your instructor.

Copyright 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing by Longman Publishers My Reading Lab For more practice with organizing and remembering information, visit MyReadingLab, click on the Reading Skills tab, and then click on: 1. Outlining and Summarizing 2. Memorization and Concentration 3. Notetaking and Highlighting For more practice with organizing and remembering information, visit MyReadingLab, click on the Reading Skills tab, and then click on: 1. Outlining and Summarizing 2. Memorization and Concentration 3. Notetaking and Highlighting

Copyright 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing by Longman Publishers TEST-TAKING TIPS: Using Highlighting and Summarizing As you read a lengthy passage on a test, quickly mark or circle important ideas. If a question asks you to choose a statement that best summarizes the passage, choose the statement that is the best restatement of the main idea. If you are having trouble finding the main idea of a passage, look away from it and try to summarize it in one sentence in your own words. Your summary will be the main idea. Then try to find a choice that comes closest to your summary. As you read a lengthy passage on a test, quickly mark or circle important ideas. If a question asks you to choose a statement that best summarizes the passage, choose the statement that is the best restatement of the main idea. If you are having trouble finding the main idea of a passage, look away from it and try to summarize it in one sentence in your own words. Your summary will be the main idea. Then try to find a choice that comes closest to your summary.