Oxidative Energy Sources Muscle Glycogen- 15g/kg x 30 kg = 450g x 4 kcal/g = 1800 kcal Liver Glycogen- 50g/kg x 1.5 kg = 75g x 4 kcal/g = 300 kcal Blood.

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Presentation transcript:

Oxidative Energy Sources Muscle Glycogen- 15g/kg x 30 kg = 450g x 4 kcal/g = 1800 kcal Liver Glycogen- 50g/kg x 1.5 kg = 75g x 4 kcal/g = 300 kcal Blood Glucose- 1g/L x 5 L = 5g x 4 kcal/g = 20 kcal Total: = 2120 kcal Fat- 70 kg x 10% fat = 7 kg x 7700 kcal/kg = 54,000 kcal

Oxidative Energy Sources Muscle Glycogen- 15g/kg x 30 kg = 450g x 4 kcal/g = 1800 kcal Liver Glycogen- 50g/kg x 1.5 kg = 75g x 4 kcal/g = 300 kcal Blood Glucose- 1g/L x 5 L = 5g x 4 kcal/g = 20 kcal Total: = 2120 kcal Fat- 70 kg x 10% fat = 7 kg x 7700 kcal/kg = 54,000 kcal

Enzymes Introduction German for yeast Proteins acting as catalysts to speed up Rx by  the energy of activation Specificity Active site = catalytic site + binding site E + S  ES complex  E + P No waste product produced! No enzyme lost!

Initial Velocity loss of S or gain in P Concentration of Substrate Enzyme Kinetics

Competitive Inhibition Km V max Concentration of Substrate Rate of Rx.

Regulation of Enzymes A) Competitive Inhibition Similar geometric shape O.A.A. Acetyl Co-A Citrate Example: citrate synthase ( - ) C-C | O OH O C-C | | O OH O O

B) Allosteric Regulation Binds at a site different from active site. Changes the shape of the enzyme. Increasing or decreasing the ability to react with the substrate. V max Rate of Rx. Concentration of Substrate

Allosteric Regulation (cont.) AMP ATP (substrate) (Enzyme--PFK) normal activated inhibited

Fructose 6-P Fructose 1-6 P via PFK

3 AA have hydroxyl side chains Serine Tyrosine Threonine They are polar and hydrophilic and thus stick out into the cytosol

D) Increase in the amount of enzyme. Rate of Rx. Concentration of Substrate Temperature Vmax pH

Metabolic Pathway A B C D E1 E2 E3 Final ProductInitial Substrate Usually first irreversible step is controlled by an allosteric enzyme.