Shea Jones

About the Author Specialist in International Management with a focus on global leadership and Latin American management. Lived for 14 years in 7 different countries, mainly in Latin America and West Africa. Published over 50 times with topics on International Management

Dr. Joyce S. Osland Received a Ph.D from Case Western Reserve University “It was the hardest thing I ever wrote, because I had to read several different bodies of literature outside my own field. I read a couple boxes of articles.”

Introduction First wave began with countries expanding trade routes and colonization in the 15 th century. Second wave involved corporations expanding their markets Third wave (Present) spearheaded by the internet, involves individuals

Globalization Globalization is now a way of life. Its spread has brought about both positive and negative outcomes. The article speaks on both the positive and negative aspects of Globalization. The five major areas affected are: Equality Labor conditions Governments Culture and Communities Environment

Globalizations effect on equality (Pros) Increase in consumer goods Decrease in price Higher quality goods More jobs Improved conditions-Income, infrastructure

Globalizations effect on equality (Cons) Increased gap between the wealthy and the poor Favors developed countries over underdeveloped countries. Wage inequalities

Labor Relations (Pros) Skills and education Opportunities Broader coverage of internal issues

Labor Relations (Cons) The Race to the bottom Human Rights violations Displacement

Government (Pros) Economic benefits Increased trade Modernization of population

Government (Cons) Threats to sovereignty Bargaining Power of MNE’s Tax Liability

Culture and Community (Pros) Increased exposure to other communities Tower of Babel falling Recognition on a global stage

Culture and Community (Cons) Loss of cultural identity Flight of the educated

Environmental Impacts(Pros) Spread of regulation Spread of Efficiency Green Movement

Environmental Impacts (Cons) Surplus and Scarcity Increase use of natural resources Regulation dodgers

Future Trends

Future trends Person to person Fallout over labor condition America is no longer the leader

Questions?

References Krugman, P., & Venables, A.J. (1995). Globalization and the inequality of nations. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110 (4), James, J. (2000). Do consumers in developing nations gain or lose from globalization. Journal of Economic Issues, 34(3), Christmann, P., & Taylor, G. (2001). Globalization and the environment: Determinants of firm self-regulation in China. Journal of International Business Studies, 32, (3), Goodman, J.B., & Pauly, L.W. (1993). The obsolescence of capital controls?: Economic management in an age of global markets. World Politics, 46, (1)