Isolationism and the Road to World War II April 22, 2014

International Diplomacy  League of Nations  Kellogg – Briand Pact War won’t be used as a tool to settle conflicts

American Foreign Policy in 1930s  Good Neighbor Policy US out of many Latin American nations  Generally Isolationist

Failure of Collective Security  Rise of totalitarian regimes  Japanese Expansionism 1931 – Manchuria Motives – raw materials, space, anger about post war treaties naval build up 1936 – Anti-Comintern Pact with Germany 1940 – Tripartite Pact – Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis

Failure of Collective Security  German Aggression Withdrew from League of Nations 1933 Treaty of Versailles 1937 Absorbs Austria – March 1938 Munich Conference –Sept. 1938

US Isolationism  Nye Committee = Neutrality Acts  Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, No arms to belligerent nations 35 - No travel on vessels 36- No money to warring nations 37 - Cash and Carry of non-military goods 37 - Banned involvement in Spanish Civil War

WWII Begins  Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact  Sept 1, 1939 – Germany invades Poland Britain and France declare war Sept. 3 Sept. 5, 1939 – FDR proclaims US neutrality (not in thought)

US Isolationism Continues  Neutrality Act of 1939 Response to Poland Britain and France needed weapons Cash and Carry

US Response to War in Europe  Arsenal of Democracy Speech  Response to fall of France and Battle of Britain Strategy change FDR asked for military build up  $37 billion = 5X larger than any New Deal Budget 1940 – Selective Service and Training Act

US Response to War in Europe  Destroyers for Bases Deal Sept 2, 1940  FDR Reelected in 1940 Worried less about critics Four Freedoms Speech  Speech, Religion, From Want, From Fear Congress Responds with Lend-Lease

Lend – Lease, April 1941  Military Supplies to any “vital nation”  Debts paid after war  Ends US neutrality  Hitler starts sinking US ships  $50 billion in arms and equipment – esp. Britain and USSR

Atlantic Charter, August 1941  Secret Negotiation  Self-Determination  Permanent system of general security  Gov’ts abolished by dictators regained

Japan  Japanese expansionism = tensions  Embargo of 1940  1941 – Pacific Fleet to Pearl Harbor  Embargo of 1941  Negotiations fail  Pearl Harbor – December 7, 1941