Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

The Fossil Record And Geologic Time Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

Fossils provide an archive of life on Earth Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

Fossils provide an archive of life on Earth. Sedimentary rocks provide the richest source of fossils. Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

Fossils provide an archive of life on Earth. Sedimentary rocks provide the richest source of fossils. Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

Fossils provide an archive of life on Earth. Sedimentary rocks provide the richest source of fossils. Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

Fossils provide an archive of life on Earth. Sedimentary rocks provide the richest source of fossils. Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

Fossils provide an archive of life on Earth. Sedimentary rocks provide the richest source of fossils. Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

Fossils provide an archive of life on Earth. Sedimentary rocks provide the richest source of fossils. Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

Fossils provide an archive of life on Earth. Sedimentary rocks provide the richest source of fossils. Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

Fossils provide an archive of life on Earth. Sedimentary rocks provide the richest source of fossils. Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

Fossils provide an archive of life on Earth. Sedimentary rocks provide the richest source of fossils. Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

Fossils provide an archive of life on Earth. Sedimentary rocks provide the richest source of fossils. Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

Fossils provide an archive of life on Earth. Sedimentary rocks provide the richest source of fossils. Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

Fossils provide an archive of life on Earth. Sedimentary rocks provide the richest source of fossils. Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

Sedimentary strata reveal the relative ages of fossils. Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

Radiometric dating can provide the absolute age. Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

Geologic eras and periods correspond to major transitions in fossil species. Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

The fossil record is substantial… Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

The fossil record is substantial… …but incomplete. Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

The fossil record is substantial… …but incomplete. It favors species that: Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

The fossil record is substantial… …but incomplete. It favors species that: existed for a long time were widespread had hard shells or skeletons Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

Continental drift has had a major impact on phylogeny Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

Continental drift has had a major impact on phylogeny. Pangaea formed in the late Paleozoic era and broke up in the early Mesozoic era. Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

The history of life is punctuated by mass extinctions. Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

Taxonomy: Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

Taxonomy: The identification and classification of species Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

Taxonomy: The identification and classification of species. Taxon: Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

Taxonomy: The identification and classification of species. Taxon: A single category of species. Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

domain kingdom phylum class order family genus species Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

domain kingdom phylum class order family genus species Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics Dumb kings play chess on fine green sand.

domain kingdom phylum class order family genus species Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics Dumb kings play chess on fine green sand.

domain kingdom phylum class order family genus species Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics Dumb kings play chess on fine green sand. Eukarya Animalia Chordata Mammalia Carnivora Felidae Panthera pardus

Systematics: Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

Systematics: The study of biological diversity in an ecological context. Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

Phylogeny: Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

Phylogeny: The evolutionary development of a taxon from earlier taxa. Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

Cladistics: Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

Cladistics: The classification of species by their evolutionary descent. Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

Clade: Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

Clade: An evolutionary ancestor and all of its descendants Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

Clade: An evolutionary ancestor and all of its descendants. A clade is defined by its evolutionary novelties and shared characteristics. Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

lamprey

lancet

lamprey lancet leopard

lamprey lancet leopard salamander

lamprey lancet leopard salamander tuna

lamprey lancet leopard salamander tuna turtle

hair amniotic egg four walking legs hinged jaws vertebral column lamprey lancet leopard salamander tuna turtle

hair amniotic egg four walking legs hinged jaws vertebral column lamprey lancet leopard salamander tuna turtle

hair amniotic egg four walking legs hinged jaws vertebral column lamprey lancet leopard salamander tuna turtle

hair amniotic egg four walking legs hinged jaws vertebral column lamprey lancet leopard salamander tuna turtle

hair amniotic egg four walking legs hinged jaws vertebral column lamprey lancet leopard salamander tuna turtle

hair amniotic egg four walking legs hinged jaws vertebral column lamprey lancet leopard salamander tuna turtle

hair amniotic egg four walking legs hinged jaws vertebral column lamprey lancet leopard salamander tuna turtle

hair amniotic egg four walking legs hinged jaws vertebral column lancet lamprey tuna salamander turtle leopard

hair amniotic egg four walking legs hinged jaws vertebral column lancet lamprey tuna salamander turtle leopard

hair amniotic egg four walking legs hinged jaws vertebral column lancet lamprey tuna salamander turtle leopard

hair amniotic egg four walking legs hinged jaws vertebral column lancet lamprey tuna salamander turtle leopard

hair amniotic egg four walking legs hinged jaws vertebral column lancet lamprey tuna salamander turtle leopard

hair amniotic egg four walking legs hinged jaws vertebral column lancet lamprey tuna salamander turtle leopard

hair amniotic egg four walking legs hinged jaws vertebral column lancet lamprey tuna salamander turtle leopard

Systematics can infer phylogeny from molecular data. Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

Four closely related species

Three possible cladograms

Nucleotide sequences for the four species 1.AGGGGGT 2.GGGAGGG 3.GAGGAAT 4.GGAGAAG

Base changes at site 1 1.AGGGGGT 2.GGGAGGG 3.GAGGAAT 4.GGAGAAG

Base changes at site 2 1.AGGGGGT 2.GGGAGGG 3.GAGGAAT 4.GGAGAAG

Base changes at site 3 1.AGGGGGT 2.GGGAGGG 3.GAGGAAT 4.GGAGAAG

Base changes at site 4 1.AGGGGGT 2.GGGAGGG 3.GAGGAAT 4.GGAGAAG

Base changes at site 5 1.AGGGGGT 2.GGGAGGG 3.GAGGAAT 4.GGAGAAG

Base changes at site 6 1.AGGGGGT 2.GGGAGGG 3.GAGGAAT 4.GGAGAAG

Base changes at site 7 1.AGGGGGT 2.GGGAGGG 3.GAGGAAT 4.GGAGAAG

Total number of base changes 1.AGGGGGT 2.GGGAGGG 3.GAGGAAT 4.GGAGAAG 8910

Likeliest cladogram 1.AGGGGGT 2.GGGAGGG 3.GAGGAAT 4.GGAGAAG 8910

Parsimony Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

Parsimony, also called Occam’s Razor Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

Parsimony, also called Occam’s Razor, also called the KISS principle Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

Parsimony, also called Occam’s Razor, also called the KISS principle, says when offered several explanations, use the simplest. Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

KISSKISS

Keep It Simple, Stupid!

The simplest phylogenetic tree is the one that requires the fewest evolutionary changes. Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

“Molecular clocks” keep track of evolutionary time. Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

Phylogenetic trees are hypotheses Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

Phylogenetic trees are hypotheses. They incorporate extensive molecular and morphological data Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics

Phylogenetic trees are hypotheses. They incorporate extensive molecular and morphological data. But they are “flourishing with lively debate.”. Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics