Earth Shakes, Rattles, and Rolls Plate Tectonics Volcanoes Earthquakes.

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Presentation transcript:

Earth Shakes, Rattles, and Rolls Plate Tectonics Volcanoes Earthquakes

What is the relationship between the earth’s plates, volcanoes, and earthquakes?

Plates

Earthquakes

Volcanoes

Let’s look at those maps again.

Plates Earthquakes Volcanoes

Earthquakes and Volcanoes are found where plates meet.

Evidence Wegener used to support theory of continental drift: Continents fit like a puzzle Fossil evidence Rocks were similar in Africa and South America Evidence Antarctica once had a tropical climate

How did geologists explain how the earth’s plates moved? Mid-Atlantic Ridge allows mantle to seep to surface through cracks and pushes plates of the earth apart.

Seafloor spreading animation To see how geologists believe the plates moved go to the site below. Notice the Atlantic Ocean seafloor spreading.

Crust Mantle Outer core Inner core

VOLCANIC MOUNTAIN NAMIBIA IN AFRICA

Volcanic mountains Formed when molten rock, or magma deep within the earth, erupts, and piles upon the surface Takes place where two of the earth's tectonic plates collide.

Convection currents in the Earth's mantle are what drive plate motions. Convection currents are driven by the simple fact that hot things (such as gases and liquids) rise while cool things fall.

Convection currents in the magma move the earth’s crust.

epicenter The point on the surface of Earth that is right above the focus of an earthquake er4c.html

Earthquakes How do we measure the intensity of an earthquake?

Seismograph measures or the strength of an earthquake

Seismograph records energy waves of the earth

Richter Scale Earthquake Magnitudes Effects Less than 3.5 Generally not felt Rarely causes damage. Under 6.0 Slight damage to well-designed buildings Destructive to about 100 kilometers across Major earthquake. Serious damage over larger areas. 8 or greater Great earthquake.

Richter MagnitudeNumber of Earthquakes per year 1.0 to , Less than 2

San Francisco Earthquake 1906

Earthquakes in the ocean cause

Destruction 30’ Wall of Water

Types of Volcanos Composite Cinder Cone Shield

es/vtypesvolcan1.html&h=236&w=265&sz=14&tbnid=qZF0vXnHnOkJ:&tbnh=96&tbnw=107&start=19&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcomposite%2Bvolcano%2 6hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DN have small craters in their summits Vesuvius, Krakatoa, Fujiyama, and Mount St. Helens tens of miles across and ten thousand or more feet in height.

ypesb.GIF&imgrefurl= 6&w=265&sz=14&tbnid=qZF0vXnHnOkJ:&tbnh=96&tbnw=107&start=19&prev=/images% 3Fq%3Dcomposite%2Bvolcano%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DN consist almost entirely of loose, grainy cinders and almost no lava steep sides and usually have a small crater on top small volcanoes

olcan1.html&h=236&w=265&sz=14&tbnid=qZF0vXnHnOkJ:&tbnh=96&tbnw=107&start=19&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcomposite%2Bvolcano%26hl%3Den%26lr%3 D%26sa%3DN hundreds of miles across and many tens of thousands of feet high. Mauna Loa consist almost entirely of frozen lavas large craters at their summits.

largest single mountain in the world 30,000 +feet above the ocean floor 100 miles across at its base.