Governing Food Security globally: Stakeholders` opinions Done by Codrin PAVELIUC-OLARIU

Background  850 million people are starving (FAO, 2012) around the world;  Agricultural production grew at about 2.3% per year in the past 50 years and access to food increased with an even higher rate;  By 2012, almost 65% of all implemented agricultural policies (focused at national, regional and global level) that have a reference on food security only aimed on solving present day crisis, without integrating policies for preventing future ones.

Introduction to research Type of respondentRequests sentAnswers received Ministry of Agriculture18912 Intl Agribusiness Co.127 Smallholder farmers Intl. organizations128 Development agencies120 AR4D networks40 Farmers` unions/associations136 Food security experts104

Leveraging current resources for future needs Estimates and projections of undernourished people worldwide, Source: Global Food Policy Report, FAO (Rome, 2012)

Trends of current resources Agricultural price index and population trend, 1900–2010 Source: K. O. Fuglie and S. L. Wang, “New Evidence Points to Robust but Uneven Productivity Growth in Global Agriculture” (2013)

A Food Security Policy for All "International standards are not a central concern for poor, hungry smallholder farmers in Africa. Almost none of their production enters international trade. In addition, I would not want to force poor farmers in Africa to meet rich country`s standards for things like packaging, labeling, cosmetic standards, chemical residues etc.". - Robert Paarlberg, Harvard University

From the status quo to a global approach Jim Harkness, President of IATP, speaking on global agricultural trade: "The poor would engage into a bidding war with the wealthy". Victor Villalobos, Director General of IICA: "I think all countries ideally would support such a policy, but the conditions are the sticking point. We all know that the work of global organizations in this area is complicated and achieving agreement on standards, trade, supports, levels of aid, etc. are always going to be a challenge".

Conformity Stakeholders` opinions(%) on the necessity of an integrated approach for global agriculture Source: Elaborated by author using data from own research (2013)

Management options Possible management systems for a Global Agricultural Policy Source: Elaborated by author using data from own research (2013)

Concerns "There are national policies, but very few "world" policies, unless you count things like development assistance and food aid - that are still financed by national governments. Regions that are facing serious undernourishment such as Africa will need more development assistance in order to be well fed by the year 2050". - R. Paarlberg Stakeholders: -Ministry of agriculture: a global agricultural policy will lead to a loss of national regulatory capability and of control of the sector; -Corporate sector: if not done properly from the beginning, it will lead to the over regulation of agriculture; - Smallholder farmers: small exploitations will be ignored due to the lack of commercial importance.

The Urgency "We are now in the era where the homeland security is food security" (Makthesim Agan respondent) where "many don`t actually see a food crisis coming" (Via Campesina respondent).

A Global Agricultural Policy: How to feed the world?