UCSF Library and Center for Knowledge Management University of California, San Francisco October 2004 Scholarly Communication – Impact on Libraries

UCSF Library and Center for Knowledge Management Outline Definitions & background Outline major issues Strategic actions

UCSF Library and Center for Knowledge Management “Scholarly Communication” Describes the process of disseminating research results and other scholarship in all disciplines In the biomedical sciences, primary method of scholarly communication is the journal literature Academic structure is based on this model – promotion and tenure

UCSF Library and Center for Knowledge Management “Serials Crisis” Since late 1980s journal subscription prices outstripping library budgets Journal price hikes exceed inflation U.S. research libraries spent 227% more on journals in 2002 than in 1986 Response of libraries during this period UC consortial purchasing Increase budget allocations thru temporary arrangements Cancel journals

UCSF Library and Center for Knowledge Management Additional pressures in online environment Costs for online subscriptions are often significantly higher than print Science - 1,047% JAMA - 560% Proc. National Academy Sciences - 300% Need for both print and online Recurring costs to achieve perpetual access Hidden costs of license negotiation

UCSF Library and Center for Knowledge Management Recent events Situation provides opportunities for collaborating with our faculty in new ways. Negotiations with major publishers mobilized faculty. Open access movement Open access publication does not charge readers or their institutions for access to full-text content

UCSF Library and Center for Knowledge Management Issue – Flawed Model? Scholars create, filter, and consume scholarship; they add most of the value to scholarly communication. Current model relies on research community to provide the content, edit and peer review the journals Libraries then purchase the results at escalating prices to make it available to the research community

UCSF Library and Center for Knowledge Management Related Facts UC faculty serve on the editorial boards of ~15% of top-tier journals UC libraries spent $20 million on print and digital journal subscriptions in 2002–03.

UCSF Library and Center for Knowledge Management Issue – publishing big business Scholarly communication has become an international, multi-billion dollar business. Mergers in the publishing industry reduce competition. Consolidation is a significant factor in journal price inflation. Publishers leverage the academy’s reliance on them (publish or perish)

UCSF Library and Center for Knowledge Management Related Facts In 2002, science, technology & medical (STM) publishing was an $11 billion market Two of the largest STM publishers account for 60% of UC’s shared digital journals budget but only 33% of ejournal use. Source:Outsell, Inc.

UCSF Library and Center for Knowledge Management Issue – costs , purchase power  The volume of scholarly material is increasing, while purchasing power is decreasing UC’s world-class collections are unsustainable in such conditions. Related Fact From 1989–1999 the number of journal titles published increased 58% and library journal expenditures increased 170%, but the number of titles typically acquired declined 6% Source: Association of Research Libraries

UCSF Library and Center for Knowledge Management Source: Create Change, Association of Research Libraries

UCSF Library and Center for Knowledge Management Impact on UCSF Faculty Creates barriers to access to research output (costs, time, etc.) Our faculty’s research is not as widely available to others Scholarly communication not happening

UCSF Library and Center for Knowledge Management Impact on library operations Budget challenges Quality no longer defined by size of our collection Open access complicates definition of ‘collection’ We provide services in increasingly complex environment Do you subscribe to this journal? no longer a simple question

UCSF Library and Center for Knowledge Management Impact on library operations Online environment  fewer visitors Activities change 16% decrease in circulation checkouts/renewals since 2000 Checkout laptops, not just books 25% decrease in items loaned since 2000 New services – document delivery

UCSF Library and Center for Knowledge Management Strategic actions Collaboration is a proven strategy to gain efficiencies, avoid costs, and develop innovations to improve sustainability. Related Fact UC libraries have avoided $27 million in campus costs through their shared digital collection.

UCSF Library and Center for Knowledge Management Strategic actions Support and promote new models Open access Institutional memberships in PLoS and BioMed Central Promote alternative modes of dissemination of scholarship eScholarship repository Educate and engage faculty in promoting new models Educate faculty in retaining copyrights to their articles

UCSF Library and Center for Knowledge Management Activities at UC/UCSF UCOP Office of Scholarly Communication UC Academic Council’s Special Committee on Scholarly Communication (SCSC) UCSF Library website on scholarly communication /

UCSF Library and Center for Knowledge Management Activities at UCSF Scholarly Communication Task Force Communication with faculty Faculty newsletter October 2004 New Models in Scientific Publishing Symposia BioMed Central - May 2003 PLoS - November 2003

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