Low Energy Building Design Presentation 1- Regulations Marc Smeed Edmund Tsang Graham Dow

Review of National Regulations VENTILATION ‘the primary purpose of ventilation is to provide good indoor air quality in both summer and winter.’ 1 1. Building Bulletin 87, 2nd Edition Version 1 (May 2003)

Review of National Regulations VENTILATION Schools must conform to all of the rates outlined below 1 : All areas:-3 l/s/p for MAX occupancy Classrooms:-8 l/s/p for NORMAL occupancy Washrooms:-6 ac/h (Mechanical Vent) Kitchens:-Adequate measures to remove: Steam, Fumes, & Condensation. Building Bulletin 87, 2nd Edition Version 1 (May 2003) CIBSE Guide F: Energy Efficiency in Buildings, 2004

Review of National Regulations VENTILATION Issues related to VENTILATION: –Summer design Temp- 24 ° C ±4 ° C –Noxious fumes & Dust- require higher levels of VENTILATION –Indoor Air Quality

Review of National Regulations INDOOR AIR QUALITY There are many factors which influence IAQ 1 : 1. Building Bulletin 87, 2nd Edition Version 1 (May 2003) –Damp conditions–Dirt/Mould in Ventilation systems –Dust Mites–CO 2 –VOCs–SMELL from occupants/processes

Review of National Regulations INDOOR AIR QUALITY Metric used to measure IAQ- CO ppmRequired level for Mech vent 1500ppmRequired level for Nat vent 3500ppmConsidered safe for Children 5000ppmConsidered safe for Adults Increasing levels of CO 2 Building Bulletin 87, 2nd Edition Version 1 (May 2003)

Review of National Regulations WATER SUPPLY ‘A school shall have a wholesome supply for domestic purposes including a supply of drinking water.’ 1. Building Bulletin 87, 2nd Edition Version 1 (May 2003)

Review of National Regulations WATER SUPPLY Hot Water Transport temp must ≥ 60°C Temp at point of use must ≤ 43°C Daily Storage Capacity Required – 15 l/person Cold Water ‘storage sufficient to enable the school to function during an interruption to the water supply’ Volume required is Litres per person per day in the school Drinking water Supply must be clearly labelled Building Bulletin 87, 2nd Edition Version 1 (May 2003) CIBSE Guide G: Public Health Engineering, 2004

Review of National Regulations WATER SUPPLY Cisterns Store the minimum amount or water required Materials used in construction should not contaminate water Piping Maximum lead level of 10 microgrammes/litre Thermostatic mixing valve Must be located no more than 2 metres from point of use. Must achieve appropriate mixing WATER MANAGEMENT IN SCHOOLS - RESEARCH REPORT DWI0419 Feb 1993 Building Bulletin 87, 2nd Edition Version 1 (May 2003)

Thermostatic Mixing Valve

Review of National Regulations HEATING ‘The thermal conditions within educational buildings should be appropriate to the activities and clothing of the occupants’ Building Bulletin 87, 2nd Edition Version 1 (May 2003)

Review of National Regulations REQUIRED TEMPERATURES Information from Building Bulletin 87, 2nd Edition Version 1 (May 2003) Any school that has a nursery- the temperature of any radiator or exposed pipe work must not exceed 43°C

Review of National Regulations LIGHTING In classrooms provisions should be made that light level on the working plane is 300 lux When visibly demanding tasks are carried out illluminance of not less than 500 lux should be maintained A glare index of no more than 19

Review of National Regulations LIGHTING Priority should be given to DAYLIGHT use Uniformity Ratios= (min/average daylight factor) –For naturally side lit rooms in the range –For naturally top lit rooms e.g. atria around 0.7 –For electrical light of not less than 0.8 on the working plane

Review of National Regulations GLAZING Vertical glazed areas must ≤ 40% When a passive or daylight design strategy is adopted it may exceed 40% Horizontal or near horizontal glazing must ≤ 20% CLASSROOMS should –Have at least 20% vertical glazing –Should have a view.

CONTEXT CITY CENTRE ISSUES Daylight Penetration Limited Space Narrow scope for Renewable Energy Level of Pollution

EFFECTS of these requirements on demands TEMP –restrictions may require cooling (especially in rooms with IT equipment) VENTILATION –regulations will require partial mech vent (washrooms) –possibly assisted NAT vent due to pollution WATER –lower supply temp = bigger pumps LIGHTING –high uniformity generally requires more lighting.

Energy TARGETS CIBSE Guide F: Energy Efficiency in Buildings, 2004

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