WORK AND MOTIVATION Responsibility (Employers vs. Employees)

What I need is someone who will make me do What I can (Ralph Waldo Emerson ( ) American philosopher and poet)

FACTORS THAT AFFECT WORK MOTIVATION  individual differences  job characteristics  organisational practises

STRATEGIES FOR RAISING JOB SATISFACTION AND QUALITY OF WORK LIFE (QWL)  improving work conditions and security  increasing the worker’s responsibility  providing financial stability  enhancing the worker’s sense of self- worth  providing opportunities for social relationships within the organisation relationships within the organisation

Good motivation results in  more productive environment  more productive environment  higher competitiveness  higher competitiveness  higher profitability  higher profitability

Employees  like work or or  have to be forced

Managers motivate  good remuneration: (salary, commission, bonuses, perks) (salary, commission, bonuses, perks)  sick pay / pension  good working relations  good working conditions  job security / job safety  promotion  challenging job  responsibility  contact with people  opportunities to travel  long holidays / vacations MK: p: 15 – Discussion – Which statements do you agree with?

Motivation theories 1. Abraham Maslow: Hierarchy of needs” 2. Douglas McGregor: Theory X / Theory Y 3. Frederick Herzberg: The motivation to Work a) “hygiene factors” / “satisfiers” a) “hygiene factors” / “satisfiers” b) “ motivators” b) “ motivators”

1. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

2. McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y a) Theory X - traditional approach a) Theory X - traditional approach - people are lazy/dislike work/lack ambition - people are lazy/dislike work/lack ambition - motivated only by money - motivated only by money - they have to be threatened - they have to be threatened and rewarded/need discipline, control and rewarded/need discipline, control - most people are incapable - most people are incapable of taking responsibility of taking responsibility - managers are authoritarian - managers are authoritarian (direct everything, from the top down) (direct everything, from the top down)

2. Theory Y - more progressive - workers are motivated by - workers are motivated by many needs, they like work many needs, they like work - people can take responsibility - people can take responsibility (prefer to participate in decision- (prefer to participate in decision- making, like autonomy) making, like autonomy) - managers should trust - managers should trust workers and help them do workers and help them do their best, team-oriented, organise their best, team-oriented, organise communication channels and listen to communication channels and listen to their subordinates’ opinions their subordinates’ opinions

3. Herzberg’s Hygiene Factors Needs of workers: a) Satisfiers (hygiene factors/ to keep workers contented: to keep workers contented: - clean, quiet and safe working conditions - clean, quiet and safe working conditions - adequate rest breaks - adequate rest breaks - good labour relations - good labour relations - good wages and benefits - good wages and benefits - job security - job security

b) Motivators (encourage to do their best) - praise from managers - praise from managers - career advancement - career advancement - more responsibility - more responsibility (If the hygiene factors are poor then the motivating factors won’t work)

Is it true or false? 1.Theory X and Theory Y are theories of leadership. True/False 2.Theory X is more traditional description of management. True/False 3.Theory Y - managers tell workers what they want True/False 4. Theory X - managers are authoritarian. True/False 5. Theory Y - workers are lazy and don’t want to work. True/False 6. For Theory X workers, work is natural. True/False 7. Theory Y working relationships are open, communicative and creative. T/F MK: p: 17 – Comprehension – True or false? 18 - Vocabulary 18 - Vocabulary

Complete the three definitions of motivation behaves, drives, effort, outcomes, reach, willingness  Motivation is what ______________ us to try to ____________ certain goals.  Motivation is a decision-making process through which a person chooses desired ____________ and _________in ways that will lead to acquiring them.  Motivation is the _____________to make the __________ to achieve certain goals.

Read the following text and answer the questions: 1. What are extrinsic rewards? 2. What are intrinsic rewards related to? 3. What are the four intrinsic rewards? 4. What is the sense of meaningfulness and why is it important?

  What motivates staff to perform better in work? 1. __________________________________________________ 2. __________________________________________________ 3. __________________________________________________ 4. __________________________________________________ 5. __________________________________________________ 6. __________________________________________________ 7. __________________________________________________