Conflict Resolution and Negotiation Skills for Integrated Water Resources Management Section Four: Negotiating for Conflict Resolution

Goal and objectives of the session OBJECTIVES  To describe different methods of negotiation with an emphasis on principled negotiation;  to highlight the role of the facilitator/mediator in negotiation for conflict resolution;  to emphasize the role of communication skills;  to underline the practical process of distinguishing between one’s needs, interests and positions.

Goal and objectives of the session SKILLS  understand ways of using negotiation to help actors move toward mutually beneficial arrangement.  understand how to determine his/her Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement (BATNA) and how a facilitator/mediator may help in the process.

Presentation Outline 1.Ways of Negotiation 2.Principled negotiation 3.Aspects and Steps of negotiation 4.Approaches and requirements for effective negotiation

Negotiation ways Three ways to negotiate Soft Hard Principled negotiation (both hard and soft)  The method of principled negotiation is to decide issues on their merits rather than through a positional bargaining

Negotiation ways Any method of negotiation may be fairly judged by three criteria: It should produce a wise agreement if agreement is possible It should be efficient It should improve or at least not damage the relationship between the parties.

Principled negotiation Four aspects People: separate the people from the problem Interests: focus on interests, not positions. Options: generate a variety of possibilities before deciding what to do. Criteria: insist that the result be based on some objective standard (not on will basis)

Principled negotiation Four aspects  People: separate the people from the problem  Interests: focus on interests, not positions.  Options: generate a variety of possibilities before deciding what to do.  Criteria: insist that the result be based on some objective standard (not on will basis)

Principled negotiation  Every negotiation is different, but the basic elements do not change.  Principled negotiation can be used whether there is one issue or several; two parties or many; whether there is a prescribed ritual, as in collective bargaining, or an impromptu free-for – all.

Steps of Negotiation A.Pre-negotiation Analysis: Problem Symptoms/current situation Diagnosis Possible causes Internal and external barriers

Steps of Negotiation A.Pre-negotiation  Planning - Strategy  generate broad ideas that may be done  brainstorm these approaches (prioritise the)  Parties and issues  parties involved (issues to be dealt with)  Interests – your, theirs, others

Steps of Negotiation B. Negotiation Discussion plan the meeting (purpose, outcome) prepare argument engage in negotiation Conclude agreement Note: think of the four elements at each step of negotiation

Approaches and requirements Approach of principled Negotiation Stakeholders approach-all stakeholders Rational communication-focused groups What is required: Communicate Develop your BATNA- (Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement) Attract players in negotiation: three approaches - what you can do? what they may do? what a third party can do?