25-26 Oct. 2001, BNAIC’011 An Alternative Classification of Agent Types based on BOID Conflict Resolution Jan Broersen Mehdi Dastani Zisheng Huang Joris Hulstijn Leendert van der Torre Utrecht Universiteit Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

25-26 Oct. 2001, BNAIC’012 Conflicts Internal conflicts, e.g. between two desires External conflicts, e.g.: –if you go to Amsterdam, then you believe that there are no cheap rooms close to the conference site –if you go to Amsterdam, then you are obliged to take a cheap room –if you go to Amsterdam, then you desire to stay close to the conference site –you intend to go to Amsterdam Agent type based on conflicts resolution

25-26 Oct. 2001, BNAIC’013 Layout of this Talk BOID architecture Conflicts and agent types Agent architectures and agent types Mapping agent types to agent architectures Examples Conclusion

25-26 Oct. 2001, BNAIC’014 BDI (e.g. R&G and C&L) Internal conflicts: axiomatizating each attitude –KD45 for beliefs; KD for desires and intentions External conflicts: axiomatizating relations between attitudes –Static: realism Int a (  )  Bel a (  ) –Dynamic: commitment strategies A(Int a (A  ) U(Bel a (  )   Bel a (E  )))

25-26 Oct. 2001, BNAIC’015 BDP (Thomason 2000) Beliefs and desires are (Reiter) defaults –Internal conflicts are possible – { T  p, T   p } leads to multiple extensions –In contrast to BDI: no modalities Wishful thinking: – { T  rain, rain  wet, T   wet}

25-26 Oct. 2001, BNAIC’016 BOID architecture Interpreter (Reasoner) Obligations Beliefs Desires Intentions Sensor Effectors Goal selection Planning

25-26 Oct. 2001, BNAIC’017 Conflicts and Agent Types Realistic agent: beliefs override others Social agent: obligations override desires Selfish agent: desires override obligations Simple-minded agent: intentions override obligations and desires (stable) Open-minded agent: desires and obligations override intentions

25-26 Oct. 2001, BNAIC’018 BIOD Obs. Goals Social Simple Minded Agent Specialized Architecture 1  ( r b ) <  ( r i ) <  ( r o ) <  ( r d )

25-26 Oct. 2001, BNAIC’019 B I O D Super Selfish Agent Specialized Architecture 2  ( r b ) <  ( r d ) <  ( r i ) &  ( r b ) <  ( r d ) <  ( r o ) Obs. Goals

25-26 Oct. 2001, BNAIC’0110 B<O B<I B<D I<D B<O B<I B<D O<D B<O B<I B<D I<O B<O B<I B<D O<I B<O B<I B<D D<O B<O B<I B<D D<I B<O B<I B<D I<D I<O B<O B<I B<D O<D I<D B<O B<I B<D O<I O<D B<O B<I B<D I<O D<O B<O B<I B<D D<I D<O B<O B<I B<D O<I D<I B<O B<I B<D I<D I<O O<D B<O B<I B<D O<I O<D I<D B<O B<I B<D I<D I<O D<O B<O B<I B<D O<I O<D D<I B<O B<I B<D D<I D<O I<O B<O B<I B<D D<O D<I O<I B<O, B<I, B<D  BOID BIODBIDOBODIBDIOBDOI BXXIBDXXBXXOBOXXBXXDBIXX

25-26 Oct. 2001, BNAIC’0111 O D Realistic Agent General Architecture Obs. B I Goals

25-26 Oct. 2001, BNAIC’0112 a  r   c a  c   r T  a a  r a  c Example 1 Social Simple-minded Agent  a=going to Amsterdam r=cheap room c=close to conference site B O I D

25-26 Oct. 2001, BNAIC’0113 a  r   c a  c   r T  a a  r a  c Step 1 Social Simple-minded Agent  a=going to Amsterdam r=cheap room c=close to conference site  B O I D

25-26 Oct. 2001, BNAIC’0114 a  r   c a  c   r T  a a  r a  c  a=going to Amsterdam r=cheap room c=close to conference site  {a}{a} B O I D Step 2 Social Simple-minded Agent

25-26 Oct. 2001, BNAIC’0115 T  a a  r a  c  a=going to Amsterdam r=cheap room c=close to conference site {a}{a} {a}{a} a  r   c a  c   r B O I D Step 3 Social Simple-minded Agent

25-26 Oct. 2001, BNAIC’0116 T  a a  r a  c  a=going to Amsterdam r=cheap room c=close to conference site {a}{a} a  r   c a  c   r {a,r} B O I D Step 4 Social Simple-minded Agent

25-26 Oct. 2001, BNAIC’0117 T  a a  r a  c  a=going to Amsterdam r=cheap room c=close to conference site a  r   c a  c   r {a,r} {a,r,  c} B O I D Step 5 Social Simple-minded Agent

25-26 Oct. 2001, BNAIC’0118 T  a a  r a  c  a=going to Amsterdam r=cheap room c=close to conference site a  r   c a  c   r {a,r,  c} B O I D Step 6 Social Simple-minded Agent

25-26 Oct. 2001, BNAIC’0119 T  a a  r a  c  a=going to Amsterdam r=cheap room c=close to conference site a  r   c a  c   r {a,r,  c} B O I D Step 7 Social Simple-minded Agent

25-26 Oct. 2001, BNAIC’0120 T  a a  r a  c Example 2 Selfish Simple-minded Agent  a=going to Amsterdam r=cheap room c=close to conference site a  r   c a  c   r {a,  r,c} B O I D

25-26 Oct. 2001, BNAIC’0121 Conclusion Benchmark examples for agent types Norm, Conflicts, Agent types, Architectures Small gap between architecture, logic and implementation by mapping conflicts into agent architecture Future Research Extending architecture: planning and scheduling Updating BOID rules BOID verification and implementation