CHAPTER 6, SECTION 2

TIMELINE 1789: FRENCH REVOLUTION BEGINS : THE MIAMI WAR 1793: GENET AFFAIR 1794: THE JAY TREATY 1795: PICKNEY’S TREATY 1796: XYZ AFFAIR JOHN ADAMS ELECTED PRESIDENT 1800: JEFFERSON ELECTED PRESIDENT

Washington’s second term As his first term ended Washington wanted to return to VA. Hamilton and Jefferson convinced him he needed to stay The French revolution was heating up Our position The British Navy Expansion Indian and British problems in the Northwest Spain

FOREIGN EVENTS 1789: The French Revolution What happens? French Monarch, Louis XVI, is overthrown France ends monarchy France becomes a Republic Revolution becomes excessively violent The Reign of Terror occurs Civil war divides France Who cares? Other European nations are concerned; Why? They fear revolutionary ideas will spread outside France

FOREIGN EVENTS What is the American view? Depends on who you are: Examples? Anti-federalists: Want to support the revolution Federalists: Opposed to the revolution Why does each side feel the way they do? Anti-feds.? Feds.? Washington: Cautious view of foreign affairs 1793: Issues a declaration of neutrality Neutrality: Define

THE GENET AFFAIR April, 1793: The Genet Affair What Happens? France declared war on European monarchies, including Great Britain French revolutionaries send Edmond Genet to recruit Americans to fight against Brits. Washington furious about violation of American neutrality He demands French take Genet back to France Jefferson resigns as Secretary of State (Genet actually stays in U.S. after his political party in France loses power)

OTHER EVENTS Native American problems: Northwest Ordinance (1787) brings settlers into conflict w/ Native Americans 1790 – 94: The Miami War War between U.S. & Miami nation Miami: Led by “Little Turtle” U.S. eventually wins Battle of Fallen Timbers (Gen. Anthony Wayne) Treaty of Greenville ends war; Does What? Miami give up lands in Ohio U.S. paid $10,000 for land

Little Turtle, Gen. “Mad Anthony” Chief of the Miami Tribe Wayne, U.S. Army

Treaty of Greenville, 1795

Edmond Genêt by Ezra Ames, 1809– 1810 Citizen Edmond Genêt's visit caused the first major diplomatic crisis in the new nation. His attempts to enlist Americans in support of the French Revolution raised troubling questions about the international role of the United States. (Collection of the Albany Institute of History and Art. Bequest of George Genêt.) Edmond Genêt by Ezra Ames, 1809–1810 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. KEY IDEA: Jefferson resigns in 1793, frustrated with Hamilton and the administration’s policies

Jay Treaty The Jay Treaty When? 1794 Who? John Jay What nations? U.S. – Britain Why? Brits. don’t have resources to fight U.S. & France Agreement? Brits. agree to evacuate forts in N.W. territory Brit. traders allowed to continue trade in N.W.

PICKNEY’S TREATY When? 1795 Who? U.S. – Spain Treaty What? U.S. Gov’t. wanted to gain more land & security Spain controlled large areas near / west of the Mississippi River & in Florida Spain worried that U.S. and/or Brits. might try to seize land Treaty: Spain opens Mississippi to U.S. shipping Spain gives up all land claims east of Mississippi R., EXCEPT FLORIDA Spain – U.S. set northern Florida boundary Spain allows U.S. ships to use New Orleans So What? U.S. gains land and more transportation routes

Jay’s Treaty & Pinckney’s Treaty Jay’s Treaty: + British pledge to evacuate US soil - They should have already done this in US bound to pay pre- revolutionary accounts to Brit. Merchants - Jeffersonian South would have to pay the majority of these debts. OVERALL: - Negative result Treaty hurts Republicans, Washington, & vitalizes the Republican party Pinkney’s Treaty: + Spain meets all of US demands + Spain concedes disputed land in N. Florida to US +Spain grants navigation rights on the Mississippi to Americans OVERALL: Positive Result

Growing Danger of Sectionalism Election of 1796 Adams (Federalist) receives 71 electoral votes. Jefferson (Republican) receives 68 electoral votes. ALMOST ALL OF JEFFERSON’S VOTES COME FROM THE SOUTH, ADAMS WINS ALMOST ALL OF HIS VOTES IN THE NORTH. Adams becomes President, Jefferson is Vice-President. Is the new nation already coming apart?

John Adams, Pres. of the U.S.,

THE XYZ AFFAIR Pres. John Adams faced w/immediate problem: possible war with France Why? French angered by the Jay Treaty Why? View it as violation of 1778 French-American Alliance Result? French navy begins hijacking U.S. ships Adams responds: Sends U.S. officials to France for negotiations French want bribes before any agreement Called the “XYZ Affair” U.S. response: U.S. begins seizing French ships The Quasi-War begins: Undeclared naval war between France & U.S. War lasts for 2 years So What? What Americans lose prestige after XYZ Affair? Anti-feds. ; Why? John Adams ; Why?

XYZ Affair The French, enraged by Jay’s Treaty, abuse the US ambassador. Adams sends 3 men, including John Marshall, to France. French officials demand $250,000 bribe before letting the Americans see Tallyrand. Americans refuse, go home. America authorizes a navy and the marine corps is created. Federalists call for all out war. Instead, for 2 years each nation captures the others ships at sea when they can.

THE ALIEN & SEDITION ACTS After XYZ Affair, Fed. - Republican rivalry gets worse Why? Feds. & Adams view Republicans as dangerous to nation’s welfare Republicans view Feds. as too pro-British So What? 1798: Feds. get Alien & Sedition Acts passed Did what? Citizenship requirement raised: 5-14 years Pres. May jail or deport anyone considered “undesirable” Set fines & jail terms for people who publicly express opinions considered harmful to the government Effect? Feds. use law as a way of silencing their Republican rivals Republicans view theses laws as a violation of the 1 st Amendment Leads to the Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions

VRIGINIA & KENTUCKY RESOLUTIONS Anti-feds. (Republicans) oppose the Alien & Sedition Acts Why? Thought they were Unconstitutional Thought the Feds. were using these laws to weaken the Anti-feds. Anti-feds. decide to use the state gov’ts. to oppose the Alien & Sedition Acts Whose Idea? Thomas Jefferson James Madison

VIRGINIA & KENTUCKY RESOLUTIONS (Cont’d.) Did What? Madison: writes the Virginia Resolution Jefferson: writes the Kentucky Resolution Combined by Anti-feds. to form one document: The Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions Describe: 1. Both states claim the right to declare the acts NULL & VOID because they claimed the acts violated the Bill of Rights. 2. Both states claimed the right to NULLIFY any federal law beyond the powers specifically granted by the Constitution to the federal government. So What? Idea of “Nullification” (Define) is created.

6.2 Organizer Cause and Effect French Revolution Pinckney’s Treaty Battle of Fallen Timbers Election of 1796 Jay’s Treaty XYZ Affair Tensions b/w Federalists & Republicans Alien and Sedition Acts Edmund Genet Affair Expansion West Jay’s Treaty Rising Sectionalism XYZ Affair Tensions b/w Federalists & Republicans Alien and Sedition Acts VA & KY Resolutions