BASE OIL + ADDITIVES FINISHED LUBRICANT

BASE STOCKS FINISHED LUBE OIL - A MIXTURE OF BASE STOCKS + ADDITIVE PACKAGE BASE STOCKS/BASE OILS- MAINLY DERIVED FROM PETROLEUM THROUGH VARIOUS REFINING PROCESSES CONVENTIONAL & MODERN

Physical Properties Chemical Properties Base Oil Properties Viscosity Saturate Content Viscosity Index Aromatic Content Volatility Sulfur Content Flash Point Pour Point Specific Gravity BO4 1

BASE OILS 100 N 100 IO VG 12 150 N 150 T 500 IO 500 N 500 T VG 100 150 BS TURBINE OIL(L) 1600 IO TURBINE OIL(M)

API CLASSIFICATION SATURATES SULFUR V.I. GR.1 < 90% > 0.03% 80-120 GR.2 90% & ABOVE <0.03% 80-120 GR.3 90% & ABOVE <0.03% OVER 120 GR.4 PAO - - GR.5 OTHERS - -

OIL REFINING PROCESSES CONVENTIONAL DISTILLATION SOLVENT EXTRACTION FINISHING PROCESSES DEWAXING. MODERN HYDROCRACKING HYDRO-ISOMERIZATION CATALYTIC DEWAXING.

ADDITIVES ANTI OXIDANTS ANTI WEAR AGENTS DETERGENTS DISPERSANTS DEFOAMERS POUR POINT DEPRESSANTS VI IMPROVERS DEMULSIFIERS EXTREME PRESSURE AGENTS RUST INHIBITOR

LUBRICATION SURFACE ASPARITIES DRY FRICTION SURFACES IN DIRECT CONTACT SURFACES IN RELATIVE MOTION PRODUCES LOT OF HEAT RESULTS IN MATERIAL WEAR FLUID FRICTION FLUID FILM SEPARATES THE SURFACES ONLY FRICTION IS THAT OF THE FLUID COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION IS MUCH LESS THAN SOLID FRICTION

TYPES OF LUBRICATION HYDRODYNAMIC LUBRICATION Cylindrical Journal Bearing Main brg, Connecting rod brg of Automotoves ELASTO HYDRODYNAMIC LUBRICATION Ball Brg BOUNDARY LUBRICATION Gear Teeth Valve Train

HYDRODYNAMIC LUBRICATION THERE IS FLUID FILM BETWEEN THE SURFACES RESISTANCE FRITCTION BETWEEN THE FLUID & SOLID SURFACE INTERNAL FLUID FRICTION OF THE LIQUID EXAMPLE : MOST BERAINGS UNDER MODERATE LOAD AND SPEED CONDITIONS FILM THICKNESS DEPENDS ON SPEED LOAD VISCOSITY

(ELASTO) HYDRODYNAMIC LUBRICATION CHARACTERISTICS ELASTIC DEFORMATION OF THE CONTACTING SURFACES HYDRODYNAMIC FORCES TRYING TO KEEP THE SURFACES AWAY LOAD / PRESSURE TRYING TO BREAK THE FILM AND DEFORM THE SURFACES SURFACES ARE COMPLETELY SEPARATED BY THE FILM CHARACTERISTIC OF EHD LUBRICATION IS LOAD & HYDRO DYNAMIC PRESSURE ARE IN EQUILIBRIUM

MIXED LUBRICATION AS THE SPEED INCREASES, HYDRODYNAMIC PRESSURE INCREASES FLUID IS THERE IN BETWEEN SURFACES BUT LOAD IS NOT CARRIED BY THE FILM LOAD IS SHARED BY THE FLUID FILM AND THE ASPERITES (POINTS OF CONTACT) CONDITION IN BETWEEN BOUNDARY AND EHD LUBRICATION EXAMPLE : JOURNAL BEARINGS UNDER LOW SPEED AND HIGH LOAD

ROUGH COMPLIANT SURFACE Protective Boundary Film Formation and Shear ROUGH COMPLIANT SURFACE ROUGH COMPLAINT ROUGH COMPLAINT SURF SURF ACE ACE LIQUID BOUNDRY FILM REAL "CONTACT" SMOOTH STIFF SURFACE Surface-to-Surface Contact under Boundary Conditions Protective Boundary Film Formation and Shear 9-22-99 CHEM5 95

CLASSIFICATION OF LUBRICANTS Based on: GENERAL CATEGORIES SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS PHYSICAL SPECIFICATIONS STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS USERs SPECIFICATIONS TYPE OF BASE OIL

SPECIFIC APPLICATION GENERAL CATEGORIES AUTOMOTIVE LUBRICANTS INDUSTRIAL LUBRICANTS GREASES SPECIALITY PRODUCTS SPECIFIC APPLICATION ENGINE OILS TRANSMISSION OILS TURBINE OILS HYDRAULIC OILS COMPRESSOR OILS REFRIGERATION OILS SPINDLE OILS CYLINDER OILS GEAR OILS TEXTILE OILS etc WHEEL BEARING CHASSIS INDUSTRIAL CUTTING FLUIDS METAL ROLLING OILS RUBBER PROCESS OILS RUST PREVENTIVES HEAT TRANFER FLUIDS METAL DRAWING COMPOUNDS QUENCHING OILS etc

PHYSICAL SPECIFICATIONS VISCOSITY SAE NUMBER(10W,20W,30,40 etc) ISO VG NUMBER(100,150,220,320,460,680,1000 etc) HARDNESS NLGI NUMBER(2,3 etc) STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS API AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE MIL-L U. S MILITARY SPECS BIS INDIAN STANDARDS ACEA ASSN DES CONSTRUCTEURS EUROPEENS DE JASO JAPANESE AUTOMOBILE STANDARDS ORG AGMA AMERICAN GEAR MANUFACTURERS ASSN

VISCOSITY VISCOSITY IS THE RESITANCE OF A FLUID TO FLOW IT IS CAUSED BY INTERNAL FRICTION OF THE FLUID ALL FLUIDS CAN BE CATEGORISED AS NEWTONIAN FLUIDS VISCOSITY DOES NOT CHANGE WITH SHEAR OR RATE OF SHEAR EXAMPLES : MINERAL BASE OILS, SYNTHETIC BASE OILS, MONOGRADE OILS ETC. NON NEWTONIAN FLUIDS VISCOSITY VARIES WITH RATE OF SHEAR OR SHEAR STRESS UNDER WHICH IT IS MEASURED EXAMPLES : MULTIGRADE OILS

VISCOSITY VISCOSITY KINEMATIC VISCOSITY DYNAMIC VISCOSITY RESISTANCE OF A FLUID TO FLOW UNDER GRAVITY UNIT CENTISTOKE cSt, SUS, M2/S ETC ALSO CALLED ABSOLUTE VISCOSITY PRODUCT OF KIN VISC AND FLUID DENSITY UNIT CENTIPOSE cP

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